臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的目的是想瞭解臺南安平港新闢直通工程對沿岸生態系的影響。為達成目標，本研究自2005至2011年共六年期間於安平港港內及鄰近開放海域，設定5個測站，每月採樣、收集及分析浮游動物、浮游植物及底棲生物優勢度、生物密度、生物種類數及生物多樣性群聚結構的變化，作為評量水質指標。
研究結果，浮游植物共紀錄4門278種，其中主要為矽藻門與甲藻門之種類；比較直通工程前(2005~2008)、後(2009~2011)近港開放海域之浮游植物種類數、生物密度及生物多樣性，未呈現顯著差異性，但是物種優勢度則稍有改變。在直通工程後，港內浮游植物的生物密度明顯較未開通前減少，物種數及Simpson1-D指數則明顯增加，港內優勢物種亦產生改變。浮游動物紀錄89種，不論直通工程前或後都以環節動物、橈腳類及二枚貝幼生為主要組成；浮游動物在夏季由於物種豐富度增加而有最高的生物量，但Simpson1-D指數在直通工程後，則呈現較少多樣性。底棲生物共紀錄156種，其中以梭子蟹科、鰏科、天竺鯛科及棘海鰓科為研究期間及直通工程前、後最優勢的四個科群；闢港工程直通後底棲生物的生物量、豐富度及群聚多樣性都呈現增加趨勢。
綜上所論，臺南安平港港口直通工程對近港的開放海域有顯著的衝擊，且明顯影響到港內浮游動物、浮游植物的生物量及港內與沿岸海域底棲生物群聚結構。以浮游生物及底棲生物作為水質指標，皆顯示在安平港直通工程後水質已有改善，但欲更精確預測水質的良窳，仍需增加更多的參數考量及更進一步的分析。本研究結果可作為安平海域生態系模擬的基礎資料，而海港直通工程，也可應用在水流動量小之半封閉海港，以改善水質。
關鍵詞：浮游生物、底棲生物、生物多樣性、海港工程、安平港

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact on harbor engineering —specifically the effects on the community of plankton and benthos on the construction of a new entrance—on Anping Harbor. The dominance, density, number of species, and biodiversity of plankton and benthos biomasses within Anping Harbor and the nearby open waters, were collected from data of monthly samples of five sampling points over a six-year period (2005 ~ 2011).
This study has identified 278 phytoplankton species, representing four different phyla. Among them, Chrysophyta and Pyrrophyta were the major phytoplankton types. Samples from the open water bare no significant difference in the number of species, density (cell/L), and biodiversity of phytoplankton before (2005~2008) and after (2009~2011) the construction of a new entrance. The species dominance display slight alterations after construction of new entrance. Samples from the inner harbor reveal significant decreases in density, and significant increases in the number of species and Simpson’s 1-D Index. Differences in species dominance are seen as well in the inner harbor. The populations of zooplankton communities compose of around 89 species of diverse phyla. Among them, the annelida, copepod, and larva of bivalvia are the main zooplankton species before and after construction. Zooplankton species are most abundant in the summer and contributes to an increase in species richness, but the Simpson’s 1-D Index present a less diverse after construction. The benthos communities count around 156 species. Of the total species find, four families—the Portunidae, Leiognathidae, Apogonidae and Pteroeididae—are the dominant groups throughout the studies, before and after construction of the new entrance way. Abundance and richness increased after construction as well as the diversity community of benthos.
In conclusion, the new entrance in Anping Harbor brings about significant impact in the open water, and markedly affects the phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass as well as the benthos communities within the harbor and coastal waters. Both plankton and benthos, as an indicator of water quality, reveal that water quality in the Anping Harbor has improve after the construction of a new entrance; however, additional parameters and data should be taken into consideration and further analyze for a more accurate prediction of water quality. These findings might serve as baseline data for coastal ecosystem monitoring programs in Anping coastal waters, and the approach used in Anping Harbor could be replicated for improving water quality of other semi-closed harbor where there has shown a poor flow of water.
Keywords: plankton, benthos, diversity, harbor engineering, Anping Harbor

TABLE OF CONTENTS
摘要……………………………………………………………………………….I
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... V
ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. VI
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1
1. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................... 3
1.1 Anping Harbor ........................................................................................ 3
1.2 Geographic Location ............................................................................... 5
1.3 Population ............................................................................................... 5
1.4 Climate and Weather............................................................................... 5
1.5 Understanding Environmental Issues of Anping Harbor ....................... 6
2. Microorganism/microbiology Parameters .................................................... 7
2.1 Phytoplankton ......................................................................................... 7
2.2 Zooplankton .................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Importance of Benthos .................................................................................. 10
3. Materials and methods ...................................................................................... 11
3.1 Sampling site ............................................................................................... 11
3.2 Samples Collection ..................................................................................... 13

3.2.1 Phytoplankton .................................................................................... 13
3.2.2 Zooplankton ....................................................................................... 14
3.2.3 Benthos ............................................................................................... 15
3.3 Data analysis .............................................................................................. 17
4. Results and Discussion ........................................................................................ 18
4.1 Phytoplankton .............................................................................................. 18
4.2 Zooplankton ................................................................................................ 37
4.3 Benthos Communities ................................................................................. 50
5. Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................... 61
6. References ........................................................................................................... 64
Appendix 1 Phytoplankton densities (cell/L) from each station before construction of Anping Harbor ........................................................................................ 72
Appendix 2 Phytoplankton number of species before construction of Anping Harbor ......................................................................................................... 75
Appendix 3 Zooplankton density (cell/L) before construction of Anping Harbor . 78
Appendix 4 Zooplankton number of species before construction of Anping harbor ..................................................................................................................... 80
Appendix 5 Benthos abundance (ind./m³) before construction of Anping Harbor. 82
Appendix 6 Benthos number of species before construction of Anping Harbor .... 83
Appendix 7 Small harbor to the north indicates fishing harbor (after construction), big harbor to the south indicates the commercial harbor of Anping, Tainan ..................................................................................................................... 84
Appendix 8 Modify Niskin Bottle (PVC tube, upper hands) use for the collection of phytoplankton and net (lower hand) for final collection ........................ 85
Appendix 9 Zooplankton collection net .................................................................. 86
Appendix 10 Phytoplankton dominant species before construction (2005-2008) and after construction (2009-2011). .................................................................. 87
Appendix 11 Zooplankton dominant species before construction (2005-2008) and after construction (2009-2011). .................................................................. 88
Appendix 12 Benthos dominant species before construction (2005-2008) and after construction (2009-2011). ........................................................................... 89

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