臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Background: Sexual health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify registered nurses, midwives and nursing students own perception of Sexual Self-Concept in St. Lucia.
Methods: Quantitative method and cross-sectional survey using questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha 0.87 and following (20) twenty psychological aspects of human sexuality were used in this study. SPSS, version 18.0 was used for analysis. P-values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The study was conducted in two major areas in St. Lucia namely: Castries the capital of St. Lucia and Vieux Fort the largest constituency, south of the island.
Results: 195 registered nurses, midwives, and nursing students participated in the study within the period August to September 2013. The mean age was 31.72 years. 13.80 of participants feel anxious when they think about the sexual aspects of their life and 84.6 are aware of their sexual feelings and needs. 71.3 prefer to avoid engaging in sex where they might be exposed to sexual disease, fear of sex (r=.148, p=0.030) and sexual monitoring (r=.142, p=0.047) were correlated with age.
Conclusion: Participants have displays a positive view of sexual health and this could contribute to improve population sexual health through educations programs in Saint Lucia.

Abstract iii
Chapter I 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Purpose of the Study 6
1.4 Objectives of study 6
1.5 Research Question 6
Chapter II 7
Literature review 7
Sexual Health Problem 7
Sexual Transmitted Infection 9
Contraception 11
Condoms use 13
Teenage Pregnancy 17
Sexual Violence 18
Summary 19
Conceptual Framework 20
Nursing Function 220
Sexual Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior 23
Chapter III 25
Research Methodology 25
3.1 Research Design 25
3.2 Definition of Variables 25
3.3 Setting 26
3.4 Sample 26
3.4.1 Inclusion 27
3.4.2Exclusion 27
3.5 Instrument 28
3.1Subscale of Questionnaire ...…………………………………………………………………32
3.6 Reliability and Vadility 38
3.7 Data Collection 39
3.8 Ethical Consideration. 40
3.9Power Analysis and Power Size. 40
Chapter IV 42
Results 42
4.1 Characteristic of the sample study 42
4.2 Characteristic of Sample 42
4.2.1 Social demographic and Outcome 46
4.3 Status of sexual self-concept 50
4.3.1 Mean score of concepts 51
4.3.2Pearson correlation between age and outcome 52
4.5Describing concepts 53
Chapter V 70
5.1Discussion 70
5.2 Difference between demographic data and outcome 73
5.3 Relationship among three concepts 73
Chapter VI 78
Conclusion, Study limitation, Recommendation& Nursing Implication 78
6.1 Conclusion 78
6.2 Study Limitation 81
6.3 Recommendation 81
64 Implication for Clinical Practice 81
Appendix 1 Data Collection Flow Chart 83
Appendix 2 86
Appendix 3 Questionnaires 86
INSTRUCTIONS 86
Appendix 4 93
Appendix 5 95
Appendix 6 105
Appendix 7 101
Appendix 8 103
Appendix 9 105
Bibliography 107

Berns, M. R. (2012). Socialization, Child, Family, School, Community Socialization and Support.(9th edition). Belmont.CA: Wadsworth House.
Burger, J. M., & Inderbitzen, H. M. (1985).Predicting contraceptive behavior among college students: The role of communication, knowledge, sexual anxiety, and self-esteem. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 14(4), 343-350.
Cast, A. D., & Burke, P. J. (2002). A theory of self-esteem. Social Forces, 80(3), 1041-1068.
CARISMA Caribbean Social Marketing Programme (2010).St. Lucia TRaC (2010) evaluating condom use among sexually active youth 16-24 years. Retrieved January 19th 2013, from http://www.thevoiceslu.com/editorial/2013/january/08_01_13/HIV.htm
CARISMA Caribbean Social Marketing Programme (2010). HIV/AIDS TRaC Study (2010) evaluating condom use among Males at Risk 25-49 years in St Lucia. Retrieved January 19th 2013, from http://www.carisma-pancap.org/resources/a-z/index.php?option=com_customproperties&view=show&task=show&Itemid=39&bind_to_section=9&cp_country=stlucia&cp_target_group=young_men&cp_theme=&cp_type_of_resource=&cp_year=2010
Certain, H. E., Harahan, B. J., Saewyc, E. M., & Fleming, M. F. (2009). Condom use in heavy drinking college students: The importance of always using condoms. Journal of American College Health, 58(3), 187-194
Donenberg, G. R., Emerson, E., Brown, L. K., Houck, C., & Mackesy-Amiti, M. E. (2012). Sexual experience among emotionally and behaviorally disordered students in therapeutic day schools: An ecological examination of adolescent risk. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 37(8), 904-913
Esposito, N. (2006). Women with a history of sexual assault: Health care visits can be reminders of a sexual assault. AJN the American Journal of Nursing, 106(3), 69-73.
Furegato, A.R. F., Jair Licio Ferreira Santos; Edilaine Cristina da Silva . (2008) Depression among nursing students associated to their self–esteem, health perception and interest in mental health1 Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem vol.16 no.2 Ribeirão Preto Mar./Apr. 2008
Gamel, C., Davis, B. D., & Hengeveld, M. (1993). Nurses’ provision of teaching and counselling on sexuality: A review of the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18(8), 1219-1227.
Goodson, P., Buhi, E. R., & Dunsmore, S. C. (2006). Self-esteem and adolescent sexual behaviors, attitudes, and intentions: A systematic review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(3), 310-319. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.05.026
HIV/AIDS Life Expectancy St. Lucia Retrieved February 3rd, 2013 from: https://www.lifeexpectamcy.com/saint-lucia-hiv-aids
HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluation Condom Use Among Males at Risk 25-49 Years in St. Lucia. Round One. Retrieved February 3rd,2013 from http://www.psi.org/resources/research-metrics/publications/hiv/st-lucia-2010-hivaids-trac-study-evaluation-condom-use-a
Hoque, M. E., & Ghuman, S. (2012). Knowledge, practices, and attitudes of emergency contraception among female university students in KwaZulu-natal, South Africa. Plos One, 7(9), e46346.
Houston, A. M., Abraham, A., Huang, Z., & D'Angelo, L. J. (2006).Knowledge, attitudes, and consequences of menstrual health in urban adolescent females. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 19(4), 271-275.
Humphery, S., & Nazareth, I. (2001). GPs' views on their management of sexual dysfunction. Family Practice, 18(5), 516-518.
Jackson, K. B., & Fraser, D. (2009).A study exploring UK midwives’ knowledge and attitudes towards caring for women who have been sexually abused. Midwifery, 25(3), 253-263. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2007.05.006
Joint United Nations Program on HIV/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.(2004) Condoms and AIDS. Retrieved January 1, 2013, from.http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/prev_care/en/condoms_statement.pdf
Klingberg Allvin, M., Van Tam, V., Thu Nga, N., Ransjö-Arvidson, A., & Johansson, A. (2007).Ethics of justice and ethics of care.values and attitudes among midwifery students on adolescent sexuality and abortion in Vietnam and their implications for midwifery education:: A survey by questionnaire and interview. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44, 37-46.
Kotronoulas, G., Papadopoulou, C., & Patiraki, E. (2009). Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding provision of sexual health care in patients with cancer: Critical review of the evidence. Supportive Care in Cancer, 17(5), 479-501.
Lindberg, L. D., & Singh, S. (2008). Sexual Behavior of Single Adult American W omen. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 40(1), 27-33.
Li, Y., Scott, C. S., & Li, L. (2008). Chinese nursing students' HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and practice intentions. Applied Nursing Research: ANR, 21(3), 147-152.doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2006.10.004; 10.1016/j.apnr.2006.10.004
Manlove, J., Ryan, S., & Franzetta, K. (2004). Contraceptive use and consistency in US teenagers' most recent sexual relationships. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36(6), 265-275.
Mngadi, P., Faxelid, E., Zwane, I., Höjer, B., & Ransjo‐Arvidson, A. (2008). Health providers' perceptions of adolescent sexual and reproductive health care in Swaziland. International Nursing Review, 55(2), 148-155.
Morgan, K., & Brodie-Walker, S. (2008). Impact of environment and behavior on self-esteem in Jamaican adolescent girls. West Indian Medical Journal, 57(5)
Munodawafa, D., Marty, P. J., & Gwede, C. (1995). Effectiveness of health instruction provided by student nurses in rural secondary schools of Zimbabwe: A feasibility study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 32(1), 27-38.
Papaharitou, S., Athanasiadis, L., Nakopoulou, E., Kirana, P., Portseli, A., Iraklidou, M., . . .Hatzichristou, D. (2006). Erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation are the most frequently self-reported sexual concerns: Profiles of 9,536 men calling a helpline. European Urology, 49(3), 557-563.
Pai, H., Lee, S., & Yen, W. (2012). The effect of sexual self‐concept on sexual health behavioural intentions: A test of moderating mechanisms in early adolescent girls. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(1), 47-55.
Petersen, H. V., Domanska, K., Bendahl, P., Wong, J., Carlsson, C., Bernstein, I.,.Nilbert, M. (2011). Validation of a self-concept scale for lynch syndrome in different nationalities. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 20(3), 308-313.
Quas, J. A., Goodman, G. S., & Jones, D. P. (2003). Predictors of attributions of self‐blame and internalizing behavior problems in sexually abused children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(5), 723-736.
Reis, M. J. d., Lopes, Maria Helena Baena de Moraes, Higa, R., Turato, E. R., Chvatal, V. L. S., &Bedone, A. J. (2010). Experiences of nurses in health care for female victims of sexual violence.Revista De SaudePublica, 44(2), 325-331.
Rostosky, S. S., Dekhtyar, O., Cupp, P. K., & Anderman, E. M. (2008). Sexual self-concept and sexual self-efficacy in adolescents: A possible clue to promoting sexual health .Journal of Sex Research, 45(3), 277-286.
Rostosky, Sharon Scales; Olga Dekhtyar, Pamela Cupp, Eric Anderman, "Sexual self-concept and sexual self-efficacy in adolescents: a possible clue to promoting sexual health (Report)." The Journal of Sex Research. Taylor & Francis Ltd. 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2013 from High Beam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-186015676.html
Royal College of Nursing (2010). Sexuality and sexual health in nursing practice. Retrieved May 23rd,2013 from Royal college of Nursing: http://www.rcn.org.uk/development/practice/cpd_online_learning/sexual_health_for_non-experts
Sarkar, N. N. (2010). Childhood sexual abuse and its impact on woman's health. International Medical Journal, 17(2)
Sharon, S.R., Olga, D., Pamela K.C., and Eric M. A.. (2008) : Sexual Self-Concept and Sexual Self-Efficacy in Adolescents: A Possible Clue to Promoting Sexual Health? The Journal of Sex ResearchVolume 45, Issue 3, 2008, pages 277-286
Sköld, A., & Larsson, M. (2011).Contraceptive use during the reproductive lifecycle as reported by 46-year-old women in Sweden. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 3(1), 43-47.
Snell, W.E.Jr. (2002). Measuring multiple aspects of the sexual self- concept: The Multidimentional Sexual Self Concept Questionnaire (MSSCQ). New Directions in the Psychology of Human Sexuality: Research and Theory, SE Missouri.
Snell, W.E.Jr. 2002). Measuring Multiple Aspects of the Sexual Self-Concept: The Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire. New Directions in the Psychology of Human Sexuality: Research and Theory, SE Missouri.
Snell, W.E.Jr., Fisher, D.,T.,& Schuh, T. (2002) Reliability and Validity of the Sexuality Scale:A Measure of Sexual-Esteem, Sexual-Depression, and Sexual-Preoccupation, SE Missouri.
Steenbeek, A. (2004). Empowering health promotion: A holistic approach in preventing sexually transmitted infections among first nations and Inuit adolescents in Canada. Journal of Holistic Nursing : Official Journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association, 22(3), 254-266. doi:10.1177/0898010104266714
Steinke, E. E., Wright, D. W., Chung, M. L., & Moser, D. K. (2008). Sexual self-concept, anxiety, and self-efficacy predict sexual activity in heart failure and healthy elders. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 37(5), 323-333. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2007.09.004
Stephen, M.(2013) HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean and World. Retrieved January 8, 2013, from http://www.thevoiceslu.com/editorial/2013/january/08_01_13/HIV.htm
Stuart, G. W., &Laraia, M.T. (2005). Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing St. Louis Missour: Mosby.
St .Lucia: A Profile. HIV/AIDS in St. Lucia (2006) Retrieved December 12, 2012.
Sung Su-Ching& Yen, C. (2012).Effectiveness of sexual healthcare education in nursing students’ knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy on sexual healthcare. Nurse Education Today, doi 10.1016/j.nedt,2012.06.019
Thurston, C., & Walker, S. (2011). Experiences and training in delivering sexual health care. British Journal of School Nursing, 6(6), 289-293.
Warenius, L. U., Faxelid, E. A., Chishimba, P. N., Musandu, J. O., Ong'any, A. A., & Eva BM. Nissen. (2006). Nurse-midwives' attitudes towards adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs in Kenya and Zambia. Reproductive Health Matters,119-128.
Warriner, I.Theory-based interventions for contraception: RHL commentary (last revised: 1 April 2012).
Whitaker, D. J., Miller, K. S., May, D. C., & Levin, M. L. (1999). Teenage partners' communication about sexual risk and condom use: The importance of parent-teenager discussions. Family Planning Perspectives, 117-121.
World Health Organization (2010) Male condoms. Retrieved from January 18, 2013, from http://www.who.int/reproductive health/topics/itis/male_condoms/en/index/html#
World Health Organization (2004).Position statement on Condoms and HIV prevention. Retrieve from January 18th,2013, from http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/prev_care/en/condoms_statement.pdf
World Health Organization (2006).Sexual Health Definition. Retrieve from February 2nd 2013, from http://www.who.int reproductivehealth/topic/Sexual_health/sh_definition/en/index.html
World Health Organization.(2010).Sexual and reproductive health. Retrieved January 1, 2013, from http://www:int/reproductivehealth/topic/rtis/male_condoms/en/index/htlm#
World Health Organization(2012). Sexually Transmitted Infections. Retrieved from February 2nd 2013, from http://www.who.int/topics/sexually_transmitted_infections/en/