王大明、蔣宛修(2007)。臺灣不同生活型態銀髮族選擇國外旅遊產品之研究。開南大學主辦,臺灣觀光發展趨勢與行銷國際學術研討會,桃園縣。
王國欽(1995)。旅遊風險評估模式建立之研究-模糊多準則決策方法之應用(未出版碩士論文)。私立中國文化大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文,臺北。王國欽、陳嘉隆、周淑惠(2002)。老年旅客旅遊行為之探討。觀光研究學報,8(2),101-113。
江佩洵(2006)。來華國際青年旅遊者之生活型態、旅遊類型以及旅遊風險認知對其旅遊滿意度影響之研究(未出版碩士論文)。銘傳大學觀光研究所,臺北。
行政院大陸委員會(1992)。大陸旅行風險評估之研究。臺北:同作者。
行政院大陸委員會(2000)。大陸旅行風險專案研究報告。臺北:同作者。
尚琪(1989)。銀髮族為旅遊市場創新機,突破雜誌,42(5),204-206。
林佳燕(2006)。交易成本對網路購買意願影響之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北商業技術學院商學研究所碩士論文,臺北。洪霈濃、翁廷碩、蔡進發、黃宗成(2003)。中高齡族群對退休安養型旅館需求之探究-以淡水潤福生活新象為例。觀光研究學報,9(2),67-84。消費者文教基金會(1996)。大陸旅行風險評估之研究。臺北:同作者。
曹守輝(2011)。旅遊風險知覺、滿意度與重遊意願之研究-以金門馬祖居民利用小三通赴大陸旅遊為例(未出版之碩士論文)。銘傳大學觀光事業學系碩士在職專班碩士論文,臺北。郭淑雲(2001)。消費者特性與網際網路購物意願關係之研究--以生鮮食品為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立中興大學行銷學系碩士論文,臺中市。陳勁甫、吳劍秋(2005)。銀髮族海外旅遊動機與市場區隔之研究。旅遊管理研究,5(1),1-16。
陳思倫(2002) 旅行業者對大陸旅行風險認知之研究。觀光研究學報,7(2),75-91。陳昭明(1991)。觀光遊憩危險預警及安全管理系統觀念。遊憩區旅遊安全研討會,
黃智強(1999)。影響採用網路購物因素之研究-以網路書店為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立中央大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文,桃園縣。廖友吟(2003)。泰國全備旅遊產品使用者之旅行風險、觀光目的形象認知與旅遊型態、購後行為關係之研究(未出版碩士論文)。世新大學觀光研究所碩士論文,臺北。劉純(2001)。旅遊心理學。臺北:揚智。
謝淑芬(2000)。消費者對旅遊風險知覺之研究。景文技術學院學報,11,187-198。Alvarez, M., & Asugman, G. (2006). Explorers versus planners: A study of Turkish tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(2), 319-338.
Baird, I. S., & Thomas, H. (1985). Toward a contingency model of strategic risk taking. The Academy of Management Review, 10(2), 230-243.
Bansal, H. S., & Voyer, P. A. (2000). Word-of-mouth processes within a services purchase decision context. Journal of Service Research, 3(2), 166-177.
Bauer, R. A. (1960). Dynamic Marketing for Changing World. Chicago: American Marketing Association.
Bello, D., & Etzel, M. (1985). The role of novelty in the pleasure travel experience. Journal of Travel Research, 24(1), 20-26.
Bettman, J. R. (1973). Perceived risk and its components: A model and empirical test. Journal of Marketing Research, 10, 184-190.
Blazey, M. A. (1992). Travel and retirement status. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(4), 771-783.
Brooker, G. (1984), “ An Assessment of an Expended Measure of Perceived Risk”, in Advances in Consumer Research, 11, ed. Thomas C. Kinnear, Urbana, IL : Association for Consumer Research, pp.439-441.
Cheron, E. J., & Ritchie, J. R. (1982). Leisure activities and perceived risk. Journal of Leisure Research, 14(2), 139-154.
Cohen, E. (1972). Toward a Sociology of International Tourism. Social Research, 39(1), 164-182.
Cook, R. A., Yale, L. J., & Marqua, J. J. (2006). Tourism: The business of travel. New Jersey, NM: Prentice Hall.
Cox, D. F. (1967). Risk-Taking and Information-Handle in Consumer Behavior. Boston: Harvard University Press.
Cunningham, S. M. (1967). Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior. Boston: Harvard University Press.
Dowling G. R., & Staelin, R. (1994). A model of perceived risk and intended risk-handling activity. Journal of Customer Research, 21, 119-134.
Dowling, G. R. (1986). Perceived risk: The concept and its measurement. Psychology and Marketing, 3(3), 193-210.
Erikson, E. H. (1997).The life cycle completed. New York:Norton.
Foo, J.-A., McGuiggan, R., & Yiannakis, A. (2004). Roles tourists play: An Australian Perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(2), 408-427.
Gibson, H., & Yiannakis, A. (2002). Tourist roles: Needs and the lifecourse. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 358-383.
Griffith, D. A., & Albanese, P. J. (1996). An examination of Plog's psychographic travel model within. Journal of Travel Research, 34(4), 47-51.
Hawes, D. K. (1988). Travel-related lifestyle profiles of order women. Journal of Travel Research, 27(2), 22-32.
Ho, S. H. (2008). Survival analysis of living arrangements and health care utilization in terms of total mortality among the middle aged and elderly in Taiwan. The Journal of Nursing Research, 16(2), 160-168.
Hsu, T. H., & Lin, L. Z. (2006). Using fuzzy set theoretic techniques to analyze travel risk: An empirical study. Tourism Management, 27(5), 968-981.
Huang, L., & Tsai, H. T. (2003). The study of senior traveler behavior in Taiwan. Tourism Management, 24(5), 561-574.
Jacoby, J. and Kaplan, L. (1972). The components of perceived risk, in M. Venkatesan (Ed.), Proceedings, 3rd Annual Conference, Chicago: Association for Consumer Research, pp. 382-393.
Janke, M., Davey, A., & Kleiber, D. (2006). Modeling change in older adults’ leisure activities. Leisure Science, 28, 285-303.
Jiang, J., Havitz, M. E., & O’Brien, R. M. (2000). Validating the international tourist role scale. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(4), 964-981.
Keng, K. A., & Chang, J. L. (1999). Determining tourist role typologies: An exploratory study of Singapore vacationers. Journal of Travel Research, 37(4), 382-390.
Lazer, W. (1985). Inside the mature market. Overland Park, KS: American Demographic.
Linden, F. (1986). The $800 billion market. American Demographics, 8(2), 5-6.
Lindley, D. V. (1973). Making Decisions, John Wiley: London.
Loudon, D. L., & Bitta, A. J. (1993). Consumer behavior: Concept and applications. NY: McGraw-Hill.Murray.
Mathur, A., Sherman, E., & Schiffman, L. (1998). Opportunities for marketing service to new-age elderly. The Journal of Service Marketing, 12(4), 265-277.
Milman, A. (1998). The impact of tourism and travel experience on senior travelers’ psychological well-being. Journal of Travel Research, 37(12), 166-170.
Mitchell, V. W. (1992). Understanding consumers’ behavior: Can perceived risk theory help ?. Management Decision, 30, 26-31.
Mo, C. M., Howard, D. R., & Havitz, M. (1993). Testing on international tourist role typology. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(4), 732-751.
Moutinho, L. (1987). Consumer behavior in tourism. European Journal of Marketing, 21(10), 3-44.
Murray, K. B., & Schlacter, J. L. (1990). The impact of services versus goods on consumers’ assessment of perceived risk and variability. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 18(1), 51-65.
Perry, M. and Hamm, B. (1969) “Canonical analysis of relations between socioeconomic risk and personal influence in purchase decisions,” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 6, pp. 351-354.
Peter, J. P., & Lawerence T. (1975). A comparative analysis of three consumer strategies. Journal of Consumer Research, 2, 29-37.
Plog, S. C. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 14(4),55-58.
Plog, S. C. (1990). A carpenter's tools: An answer to Stephen L. J. Smith's review of psychocentrism/allocentrism. Journal of Travel Research, 28(4), 43-45.
Plog, S. C. (1991). A carpenter's tools re-visited: Measuring allocentrism and psychocentrism properly…The first time. Journal of Travel Research, 29(4), 51.
Roehl, W. S., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (1992). Risk perception and pleasure travel: Aexploratory analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 30(4), 17-26.
Roselius, T. (1971). Consumer rankings of risk reduction methods. Journal of Marketing, 35, 56-61.
Schiffman, L. G., & Sherman, E. (1991). The value orientation of new-age elderly: The coming of an ageless market. Journal of Business Research, 22 (2), 187-194.
Schmidt, J. B., & Spreng, R. A. (1996). A Proposed Model of External Consumer Information Search. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24(3), 246-256.
Seelig, P. (1986). Muppie market. Incentive Marketing, 160, 34-36.
Settle, R. B., & Alreck, P. (1989). Reducing buyers' sense of risk. Marketing Communications. (January), 34-40.
Shoemaker, S. (1989). Segmentation of the senior pleasure travel market. Journal of Travel Research, 27(3), 14-21.
Sonmez, S. F., & Graefe, A. R. (1998). Determining future travel behavior from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 171-177.
Sonmez, S. F., & Graefe, A. R. (1998). Determining future travel behavior from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 171-177.
Spence, H. E., Engel, J. F., & Blackwell, R. D. (1970). Perceived risk in mail order and retail store buying. Journal of Marketing Research, 7, 364-369.
Srinivasan, N.. & Ratchford, B. T. (1991). An empirical test of a model of external search for automobiles. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 233-242.
Stone, R. N., & Gronhaug, K. (1993). Perceived risk: Futher considerations for the marketing discipline. European Journal of Marketing, 27, 39-50.
Supernaw, S. (1985). Battle for the gray market. In Travel and Tourism Research Association (chair), The battle for market share: Strategic in research and marketing, proceedings of the sixteenth annual conference (pp. 287-290), University of Utah.
Trimpop, R. M., Kerr, J. H., & Kirkcaldy, B. (1998). Comparing personality constructs of risk-taking behavior. Personality and 91Individual Differences, 26(2), 237-254.
Tsaur S. H., Tzeng G. H., & Wang. K. C. (1997). Evaluating tourist risk from fuzzy perspectives. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(4), 796-812.
Whitford, M. (1998). Market in motion. Hotel and Motel Management. 213(7), 41-43.
Woodside, A. G. (1968). Group influence and consumer risk taking : An experimental study. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation The Pennsylvania State University.
Yiannakis, A., & Gibson, H. (1992). Roles tourists play. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(2), 287-303.
Zeithaml, V. A. (1981). How consumer evaluation processes differ between goods and services. Marketing of Services, 9(1), 25-32.
Zikmund Z., & Scott, J. L. (1973). A factor analysis of the multi-dimensional nature of perceived risk. Proceedings of the Southern Marketing Association, Houston, Tex, Southern Marketing Association, 207-232.