臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

基於空氣汙染所造成之危害以及日漸短少之石化燃料問題，應將引擎燃燒效率提升：例如富氧燃燒引擎。但由於引擎燃燒效率提升，雖然減少懸浮微粒排放，但廢氣中所含氮氧化物濃度將大幅提升，此現象稱為權衡效應(trade-off)。受限於現有氮氧化物處理技術尚無法處理高濃度氮氧化物，造成引擎燃燒效率必須配合現有氮氧化物處理技術以及權衡效應來進行調整。目前已出現電催化處理氮氧化物之技術，且支持其相關理論之實驗皆已取得很大的成果。因此本研究之主要目的，在於將電觸媒之幾何結構改變為現有處理技術所泛用之蜂巢型結構，並將此電觸媒蜂巢以50cc機車排放廢氣進行催化效果測試。
此外，由於空氣汙染物並非僅限於氮氧化物，當中所含有之二氧化硫之危害性亦不下於氮氧化物。然而現有處理技術設備體積龐大，僅適用於工廠或發電廠等具有較大土地面積的廠房使用，對於交通運輸工具或小型的燃燒器而言，僅能使用價格較高昂的低硫燃料油以減少排放；且在其反應過程需要加入其他添加劑，額外增加了處理成本。因此本研究團隊藉由二氧化硫分解之相關原理，嘗試以電催化電池進行二氧化硫直接分解，希望藉由此技術降低現有方法之操作成本，結果發現其反應效果及趨勢與氮氧化物分解之情況十分相近。
在此兩部份的實驗結果中，均顯示在低濃度下之反應速率可維持穩定，造成其轉化率可隨進料濃度的降低而增加，顯示以電觸媒促進氮氧化物或二氧化硫分解之處理技術，具有將此兩汙染物質達到零排放之潛力。

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 VII
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 富氧燃燒引擎 3
第二章 文獻回顧與原理 5
2.1 氮氧化物簡介 5
2.2 氮氧化物處理技術 7
2.2.1 一氧化碳還原法[4]： 7
2.2.2 H2與NH3還原法[6]： 9
2.2.3 選擇性觸媒還原法(Selective Catalytic Reduction，SCR)： 11
2.2.4 氮氧化物儲存還原法(NSR) 14
2.3 氮氧化物直接分解 17
2.3.1 金屬氧化物催化分解氮氧化物 19
2.3.2 氮氧化物於電觸媒陰極直接分解 23
2.4 二氧化硫之廢氣處理 31
2.4.1 二氧化硫處理技術 31
2.4.2 二氧化硫直接分解 35
2.5 電解質層煅燒 37
第三章 研究構想 40
第四章 實驗方法與步驟 43
4.1 實驗藥品 43
4.2 分析儀器 44
4.3 粉體合成 45
4.3.1 La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSC) 45
4.3.2 複合陰極材料製備 45
4.4 陽極支撐型蜂巢結構： 47
4.5 電觸媒蜂巢電極塗佈煅燒 50
4.6 陽極還原及蜂巢電觸媒封裝 53
4.7 廢氣取樣系統 56
4.8 電化學雙電池(Electrochemical double cell,EDC)製作 58
4.9 EDC脫硫及脫硝反應實驗系統 62
第五章 結果與討論 67
5.1 ECH測試 69
5.2 氧濃度實驗結果 74
5.3 燃燒室廢氣測試 81
5.3.1 高低濃度流速影響 82
5.3.2 氮氧化物濃度影響 84
5.3.3 ECH與觸媒比較 87
5.4 EDC 脫硝及脫硫反應 89
5.4.1 鑭鍶鈷(LSC)及鑭鍶錳(LSM)為EDC陰極材料行脫硝反應 90
5.4.2鑭鍶鈷及鑭鍶錳為EDC陰極材料行脫硫反應 96
5.4.3 脫硫反應中固體硫之生成 106
第六章 結論 107
6.1 電催化蜂巢處理真實廢氣中氮氧化物 107
6.2 電化學雙電池行二氧化硫及氮氧化物直接分解 109
參考文獻 111

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