臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

野外觀察無患子(Sapindus mukorossi)在水分缺乏的情況下仍能生長良好，為了解其適應機制，本研究對三年生無患子苗木做不同水分處理，並針對其形態、生理及內部調節進行探討。

本研究以土壤含水率為依據對無患子苗木做三種水分處理，結果顯示無患子苗木在充分供水下有最大生長量，但卻可在對很多植物已是永久凋萎點的極低土壤含水率(RWC 4.96%)下生存。苗木外觀除葉片角度變化極顯著外，生物量分配差異不大，葉片外部形態亦無顯著變化。在細胞組織層級上具高比例的質外固著水、低的細胞壁彈性係數與高濃度的可溶性物質，及相當低的氣孔導度減少蒸散，顯示無患子苗木具相當強的防止水分散失能力，有助於缺水逆境中生存。

無患子的光合作用能力在充分供水時最佳，而嚴重缺水時光合作用速率顯著變差，但經葉綠素螢光的測定得知光合系統並未因缺水受到傷害，推測類囊體膜脂質的調控能在缺水環境下維持光合路徑穩定性，有利其在乾燥環境的生存。經試驗結果無患子具多種對缺水環境的耐受因子，有相當強的抗旱能力，但也相對限制最大光合潛力，在水分充足環境下光合能力低於其他生活型態相近之植物而不利於競爭。

From field observations, we found that Sapindus mukorossi has good performance in water deficit habitat. In order to understand the adaptation mechanism of S. mukorossi, we planted three-year-old seedlings under various water treatments and measured the responses on phenology, physiology and internal adjustment of the seedlings.

In this study we applied three water treatments based on soil relative water content. The results indicate that S. mukorossi had the best performance under sufficient water supply, but can survive on dry soil, which represent permanent wilting point for some other plants (RWC 4.96%). There’s no obvious difference in the biomass allocation and leaf morphological response among treatment, except the leaf angle. S. mukorossi shows strong avoidance function to avoid the loss of body water, such as low stomatal conductance, high apoplastic water content in tissue, dense cytoplasm and low elasticity coefficient of cell wall, which can help S. mukorossi to survive in drought environment.

S. mukorossi grown under sufficient water supply had the best photosynthetic performance and the lowest which under drought treatment. However, the result of the analysis of leaf plasma membrane and chlorophyll fluorescence show that there’s no damage of photosystem under water deficit condition and plant can maintain photosynthetic capacity in drought environment. High level protection of the photosystem might contribute to the maintenance of photosynthetic capacity during water deficit. However, high tolerance of drought stress of S. mukorossi could inhibit photosynthetic potential, thus, under sufficient water supply condition, it would not be beneficial to compete with other similiar lifestyle plants.

中文摘要 …………………………………………………………………… I
英文摘要 …………………………………………………………………… II
目錄 ………………………………………………………………………… IV
圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………………… VI
表目錄 ……………………………………………………………………… VII
英文縮寫 …………………………………………………………………… VIII
一、前言 …………………………………………………………………… 1
二、前人研究 ……………………………………………………………… 4
(一). 無患子相關研究 …………………………………………………… 4
(二). 植物受乾旱刺激的反應 …………………………………………… 6
(三). 脂類與植物乾旱逆境的關係 ……………………………………… 8
(四). 植物的光合作用光反應與葉綠素螢光 …………………………… 13
三、材料與方法 ……………………………………………………………… 16
(一). 試驗材料 ………………………………………………………… 16
(二). 試驗項目及方法 …………………………………………………… 17
1. 外部形態變化之測定 ……………………………………………… 17
2. 滲透壓及P-V curve之測定 ………………………………………… 17
(1). P-V curve測定 ………………………………………………… 17
(2). P-V curve圖 …………………………………………………… 18
3. 可溶性物質之測定 ………………………………………………… 19
(1). 可溶性醣 ……………………………………………………… 19
(2). 脯胺酸 ………………………………………………………… 20
(3). 可溶性蛋白 …………………………………………………… 21
4. 葉片色素之測定 …………………………………………………… 22
5. 膜脂質的萃取 ……………………………………………………… 22
6. 膜脂質的薄層層析 ………………………………………………… 23
7. 膜脂質之脂肪酸組成及比例分析 ………………………………… 24
8. 葉綠素螢光之測定 ………………………………………………… 25
9. 光合作用光反應曲線之測定 ……………………………………… 25
10. 可塑性指數計算 …………………………………………………… 26
11. 統計與分析 ………………………………………………………… 26
四、結果與討論 ……………………………………………………………… 27
(一). 水分對無患子苗木生長與形態的影響 …………………………… 27
1. 生長量 ……………………………………………………………… 27
2. 生物量 ……………………………………………………………… 29
3. 葉片形態 …………………………………………………………… 31
(二). 無患子的P-V curve ………………………………………………… 35
(三). 不同水分處理對無患子葉部可溶性物質含量的影響 …………… 40
1. 可溶性醣 …………………………………………………………… 40
2. 脯胺酸 ……………………………………………………………… 41
3. 可溶性蛋白 ………………………………………………………… 42
(四). 不同水分處理對無患子葉片色素含量的影響 …………………… 44
(五). 不同水分處理對無患子葉部原生質膜脂質種類的影響 ………… 46
(六). 不同水分處理對無患子葉部原生質膜脂肪酸的影響 …………… 49
(七). 不同水分處理對無患子葉綠素螢光的影響 ……………………… 52
(八). 不同水分處理對無患子光合作用能力的影響 …………………… 54
(九). 水分處理後無患子苗木形態及生理的可塑性指數 ……………… 60
五、結論 ……………………………………………………………………… 63
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………… 65

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