花椰菜(Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.)為臺灣重要蔬菜，但夏季颱風豪雨常造成產量損失，加速育成夏作耐淹水品種可改善此問題。本研究依據花椰菜20 個品種/系於夏季淹水2 天後之產量，篩選''1702''、''1705''及''嬌雪''為耐高溫淹水品種，其直立葉片數最多、淹水影響指數最低；''1856''、''1858''及''1867''為高溫下不耐淹水之品種，直立葉片數最少、淹水影響指數最低。各材料28 天齡苗以50℃熱處理，''1702''、''1705''及''嬌雪''之細胞膜相對熱傷害值較低，而''1856''、''1858''及''1867''較高。苗株以35/30℃淹水24 小時，''1702''、''1705''及''嬌雪''之抗壞血酸過氧化&;#37238;(ascorbate
peroxidase, APX)活性上升較快，且於排水恢復48 小時皆能維持APX 高活性，而''1856''、''1858''及''1867''之APX 活性低且上升較慢。以35/30℃淹水處理24及48小時，''1702''、''1705''及''嬌雪''之葉綠素a/b 比值顯著較''1856''、''1858''及''1867''高，總過氧化物含量較之低。苗株於35/30℃淹水10 天，''1702''、''1705''及''嬌雪''之地上部相對鮮重皆比''1856''、''1858''及''1867''高。綜上，花椰菜28 天齡苗之葉片細胞膜相對熱傷害值，苗株於35/30℃淹水24 小時之葉片APX 活性、葉綠素a/b、總過氧化物含量、淹水10 天後之地上部鮮重，以及成株之直立葉片數與淹水影響指數，可做為篩選夏作耐淹水花椰菜之生理指標，或可縮短育種時間。

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.) is an important vegetable in Taiwan. Typhoons and heavy rains often occur in summer, and result in the loss of cauliflower yield. Breeding cultivars tolerant to flooding at high temperature might improve cauliflower yield in summer. In this research, 20 cultivars/lines of cauliflower
were evaluated according to summer yield after 2-day flooding treatment. ''1702'', ''1705'' and ''Charming Snow'' were heat- and flooding-tolerant with more erect leaves and lower
flooding-affected index. ''1856'', ''1858'' and ''1867'' were heat- and flooding-sensitive with less erect leaves and higher flooding-affected index. In 28-day seedling stage, leaf cell membrane thermostability at 50℃ in ''1702'', ''1705'' and ''Charming Snow'' were lower,
while that in ''1856'', ''1858'' and ''1867'' was higher. After flooding for 24 h at 35/30℃, ascorbate peroxidese (APX) activity of ''1702'', ''1705'' and ''Charming Snow'' raised faster
and remained until draining for 48 h. On the contrary, APX activity of ''1856'', ''1858'' and ''1867'' were lower and also increased slower. At 24 h- and 48 h-flooding at 35/30℃,
''1702'', ''1705'' and ''Charming Snow'' seedlings with higher chlorophyll a/b showed lower total peroxide content. While ''1856'', ''1858'' and ''1867'' with lower chlorophyll a/b
exhibited higher total peroxide contents. On 10-day flooding at 35/30℃, ''1702'', ''1705'' and ''Charming Snow'' had higher relative shoot fresh weight than ''1856'', ''1858'' and
''1867''. In conclusion, leaf cell membrane thermostability at 50℃, leaf APX activity, chlorophyll a/b, total peroxide content after 24 h flooding, shoot fresh weight after 10-day flooding at 35/30℃ of 28-day seedling, erect leaf number and flooding-affected index of adult plant, might be used as physiological index for screening flooding tolerant cauliflower in summer to shorten breeding time.

口委審定書 I
誌謝 Ⅱ
中文摘要 Ⅲ
英文摘要 Ⅳ
第一章 前言 1
第二章 前人研究
一、花椰菜概述 2
二、高溫逆境對花椰菜花球發育之影響 4
三、淹水逆境對花椰菜花球發育之影響 5
四、耐高溫淹水之生理指標 5
第三章 材料與方法
一、花椰菜概述 13
二、花椰菜10自交系及10雜交品種試驗 14
三、花椰菜6雜交品種苗期高溫淹水試驗 18
四、統計分析 20
第四章 結果
一、花椰菜20自交系秋作試驗 21
二、花椰菜10自交系及10雜交品種試驗 21
三、花椰菜6雜交品種苗期高溫淹水試驗 27
第五章 討論 30
第六章 結論 36
參考文獻 37
表 47
表1. 花椰菜20自交系秋作試驗之葉數、地上部鮮重、球高、球徑與球重 47
表2. 花椰菜20品種/系秋作試驗之葉數、地上部鮮重、球重與球徑 48
表3. 夏作花椰菜20品種/系之園藝性狀 49
表4. 花椰菜20品種/系於夏季淹水試驗之相對SPAD值 50
表5. 花椰菜20品種/系於夏季淹水試驗之相對葉綠素螢光Fv/Fm 52
表6-1. 花椰菜20品種/系夏作無淹水處理之葉片數、莖長度、地上部鮮重、球重、結球率與產 54
表6-2. 花椰菜20品種/系夏作淹水處理之葉片數、莖長度、地上部鮮重、球重、結球率與產量 55
表7. 花椰菜20品種/系夏作淹水2天後之相對SPAD、相對Fv/Fm及淹水影響 56
表8. 花椰菜20品種/系4週苗以50℃水浴處理後之相對熱傷害值 57
表9. 花椰菜20品種/系苗株於25℃淹水、35℃及35℃淹水逆境處理下之地上部相對鮮重 58
表10. 花椰菜20品種/系苗株於25℃淹水、35℃及35℃淹水逆境處理下之地下部相對鮮重 59
表11. 花椰菜20個品種/系苗株於25℃淹水、35℃及35℃淹水逆境處理後之過氧化氫&;#37238;(catalase)相對活性 60
表12. 花椰菜20個品種/系苗株於25℃淹水、35℃及35℃淹水逆境處理後之抗壞血酸過氧化&;#37238;(ascorbate peroxidase)相對活性 61
表 13. 花椰菜6個品種於4週苗25℃淹水處理下之葉綠素a、葉綠素b及葉綠素a/b 62
表 14. 花椰菜6個品種4週苗於35℃處理下之葉綠素a、葉綠素b及葉綠素a/b值 63
表 15. 花椰菜6個品種4週苗於35℃淹水處理下之葉綠素、葉綠素b及葉綠素a/b值 64
表 16. 花椰菜6個品種於4週苗25℃淹水處理下之總過氧化物含(malondiadehyde)含量 65
表 17. 花椰菜6個品種於4週苗35℃處理下之總過氧化物含量及丙二醛(malondiadehyde)含量 66
表 18. 花椰菜6個品種於4週苗35℃淹水處理下之總過氧化物含量及丙二醛(malondiadehyde)含量 67
圖 68
圖1. 花椰菜20品種/系夏作與秋作之花球重 68
圖2. 花椰菜20品種/系夏作淹水與不淹水處理之產量 69
圖3. 花椰菜20品種/系成株直立葉片數與夏季淹水2天後產量間之相關性 70
圖4. 花椰菜20品種/系苗期相對熱傷害值和夏季淹水2天後產量間之相關性 71
圖5. 花椰菜20品種/系苗期35℃淹水5天後地上部相對鮮重與夏季淹水2天後產量間之相 72
圖6. 花椰菜20品種/系苗期35℃淹水10天後地上部相對鮮重與夏季淹水2天後產量間之相關性 73
圖7. 花椰菜20品種/系苗期35℃淹水5天後地下部相對鮮重與夏季淹水2天後產量間之相關性 74
圖8. 花椰菜20品種/系苗期35℃淹水10天後地下部相對鮮重與夏季淹水2天後產量間之相關性 75
圖9. 花椰菜20品種/系苗期35℃淹水24h後之過氧化氫&;#37238;相對活性與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 76
圖10. 花椰菜20品種/系苗期35℃淹水48 h後之過氧化氫&;#37238;相對活性與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 77
圖11. 花椰菜20品種/系苗期35℃淹水48 h後恢復48 h之過氧化氫&;#37238;相對活性與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 78
圖12. 花椰菜20品種/系苗期35℃淹水24 h後抗壞血酸過氧化&;#37238;相對活性與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 79
圖13. 花椰菜20品種/系苗期35℃淹水48 h後抗壞血酸過氧化&;#37238;相對活性與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 80
圖14. 花椰菜20品種/系苗期35℃淹水48 h後恢復48 h之抗壞血酸過氧化&;#37238;相對活性與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 81
圖15. 花椰菜6品種苗期35℃淹水24 h後葉綠素a/b與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 82
圖16. 花椰菜6品種苗期35℃淹水48 h後葉綠素a/b與夏季淹水產量間之相關性83
圖17. 花椰菜6品種苗期35℃淹水48 h後恢復48 h之葉綠素a/b與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 84
圖18. 花椰菜6品種苗期35℃淹水24 hr後總過氧化物含量與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 85
圖19. 花椰菜6品種苗期35℃淹水48 h後總過氧化物含量與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 86
圖20. 花椰菜6品種苗期35℃淹水48 h後恢復48 h之總過氧化物含量與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 87
圖21. 花椰菜6品種苗期35℃淹水24hr後丙二醛含量與夏季淹水產量間之相關性88
圖22. 花椰菜6品種苗期35℃淹水48 h後丙二醛含量與夏季淹水產量間之相關性89
圖23. 花椰菜6品種苗期35℃淹水48 hr後恢復48 hr之丙二醛含量與夏季淹水產量間之相關性 90
附圖 91
附圖1.花椰菜20品種/系夏作淹水試驗淹水影響指數(0~5) 91

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