本研究針對電動大客車，以純電動車輛為基礎，配合煞車動能回收功能，分析多檔位變速箱系統相關參數對系統整體的影響，並發展一變速箱減速比設計方法。多檔位變速箱之設置可擴大車輛之動力輸出範圍，使車輛滿足性能需求，並提升操作效率而節省能源。本文首先利用匹配的方式討論傳動系統參數以及電機參數之匹配特性，以期能使動力系統達到最大輸出效益。再配合大客車行駛特性，進行齒輪變速箱系統的設計，以提升電機操作效率為目標規劃減速比及換檔時機設計方法。接著以陽明山為基礎，建立一有爬坡需求之公車行車型態。最後使用MATLAB撰寫數值模擬程式，對兩不同動力系統配置之電動大客車進行數值模擬，以電池殘電量(SOC)評估新減速比設計方法之效益，討論適合電動大客車行駛狀態之減速比設計。

The purpose of this study is to develop and to evaluate a new design of selection of transmission gear ratio for electric buses by analyzing the interrelations between the parameters of transmission system and performance of pure electric vehicle. Multi-speed transmission provides vehicle with larger range of tractive effort and speed, satisfying the performance requirements and also decreasing the energy consumption. The first step is to match the transmission to the electric machine and the powertrain system to optimize the powertrain output. Then, with the matching features and bus driving behavior, a design method of geared transmission system is constructed, including gear ratio and shift schedule. Improving the efficiency of electric machine and economic performance is the main goal of this approach. Also, a bus driving cycle with road grade is proposed in this study. Finally, a program written in MATLAB is used to simulate two buses with different power systems. State of Charge (SOC) is calculated and the result shows the benefits of this new design method.

目錄
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xii
符號表 xiv
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-2-1 電動車輛系統 2
1-2-2 齒輪變速箱 3
1-3 研究動機與目的 5
1-4 研究架構與步驟 6
第二章 理論背景 7
2-1 車輛系統架構 7
2-2 車輛動力學 7
2-2-1 行車阻力 8
2-2-2 車輛驅動力 9
2-3 變速箱原理 10
2-3-1 齒輪變速箱 11
2-3-2 減速比規劃 12
2-4 耗能估算與煞車回充 17
2-5 小結 19
第三章 電動車動力系統匹配分析 20
3-1 動力系統 21
3-1-1 電機 21
3-1-2 傳動系統 24
3-1-3 傳動系統與電機之匹配分析 25
3-2 傳動系統與控制之匹配分析 29
3-2-1 最終減速比 29
3-2-2 總變速比 31
3-2-3 檔數分析 33
3-2-4 換檔時機 34
3-3 馬達與控制之匹配分析 37
3-4 小結 39
第四章 齒輪變速箱設計 41
4-1 減速比設計 41
4-1-1 車輛性能需求─第一及最高檔位 41
4-1-2 中間減速比規劃─效率優先法 42
4-1-3 減速比設計範例 48
4-2 換檔時機 50
4-2-1 操作點效率 50
4-2-2 產生換檔曲線 51
4-2-3 換檔控制策略 58
4-3 小結 59
第五章 車輛數值模擬方法與行車型態 60
5-1 模擬方法 60
5-1-1 ADVISOR車輛模擬軟體 61
5-1-2 以MATLAB軟體撰寫之模擬程式 61
5-2 行車型態 63
5-3 臺灣巴士行車型態規劃 66
5-3-1 台北市市區公車行車型態 66
5-3-2 陽明山行車型態規劃 67
5-4 小結 72
第六章 車輛系統模擬與評估 73
6-1 電動大客車規格設定 73
6-1-1 車輛規格 73
6-1-2 電機規格 74
6-1-3 電池規格 75
6-2 車輛模擬 78
6-2-1 基本減速比規劃法比較 78
6-2-2 新減速比規劃法模擬 81
6-3 模擬結果討論 109
第七章 結論 114
7-1 結論 114
7-2 未來展望 115
參考文獻 117

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