臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文致力於實現合成傳輸線之多模態操作特性，在不引入主動元件的前提下，使合成傳輸線於數個特定操作頻帶產生迥異電氣響應行為。藉此特殊電氣行為，本論文實現多款微型化微波元件，並將其整合發展為三模態異質整合相位陣列天線系統。
首先，本論文嘗試於合成傳輸線引入雙零點架構，使之具有慢波與諧波抑制之雙重特性，並據以實現威爾金森功率分歧器、直交分合波器以及鼠競耦合器之微型化設計。
其次，設計雙模態右手及左手合成傳輸線各一款，並整合為微型化雙工器。 該雙模態合成傳輸線皆具有一通帶及一傳輸零點，且操作於傳輸零點之頻率時，其傳輸線之輸入阻抗須為無窮大。因其特殊雙模態響應，此雙工器不需額外匹配電路，故不但可簡化電路設計，亦可減少不必要的功率損耗。此雙工器乃實現於玻璃基板被動整合製程，相較於文獻最尖端之設計，本設計具有最小的電路面積。
再者，本文設計多款三模態合成傳輸線，並整合為微型化三工器。該三模態合成傳輸線可設計為具有兩個通帶及一個可使輸入阻抗呈現無窮大或短路之傳輸零點，或是一個通帶及兩個傳輸零點，該零點亦須使傳輸線之輸入阻抗為無窮大。此外，通帶之傳輸線特徵阻抗及電氣長度亦為重要設計參數。若將此三工器與文獻記載之頂尖設計相較，則具有最小之電路面積，及最低的功率損耗。
最終，本論文將前述三模態合成傳輸線進行整合，實現一款創新異質整合相位陣列天線系統。該相位陣列的核心元件為三頻選擇器，其架構與三工器相仿，但功能截然不同；此外，三模態耦合器跟雙工器亦為重要構成元素。該陣列系統於低頻帶可等效為巴特勒矩陣，以作為波束切換之用。於中、高頻帶時，則其陣列系統可自動將饋入網路組態改為范艾達陣列及相位共軛陣列，分別作為信號回溯天線之用。此創新設計為全新構思及發想，尚未記載於任何文獻。

In this dissertation, novel multi-operational mode synthesized transmission lines, capable of providing distinct responses in multiple designated bands, are proposed and investigated. With the help of the multi-mode synthesized lines, a number of miniaturized microwave components and an innovative tri-mode heterogeneous integrated phased array are realized and verified without embedding active switches.
First of all, by introducing dual transmission zeros, synthesized transmission lines with simultaneous slow-wave and harmonic suppression properties are proposed and utilized in the realization of miniaturized Wilkinson power divider, branch-line coupler, and rat-race coupler.
Secondly, two dual-mode right-handed/left-handed synthesized lines are proposed and integrated as a miniaturized diplexer on glass integrated passive device (GIPD) process. Each dual-mode synthesized line creates a transmission channel, along with a transmission zero in the stopband; the input impedance of the synthesized line should be infinite at the transmission zero frequency. Profiting from the dual-mode operation, the diplexer requires no additional matching network, making it feature an extraordinarily compact size and low power dissipation. It shows the smallest circuit footprint among the state-of-the-art designs in open literature.
A number of tri-mode synthesized transmission lines are then proposed to develop a new miniaturized triplexer, which also has the advantages of a very compact size and minimal power dissipation among the reported designs. The tri-mode transmission line can be designed to provide either two passbands with a transmission zero, or a single passband along with two transmission zeros. At the transmission zero frequency, the input impedance of the line must be open-circuited or short-circuited, as well. Rigorous synthesis formulae and design approaches are discussed and summarized, which include the equivalent characteristic impedances and electric lengths of the tri-mode lines in the passbands.
Finally, with the help of the developed tri-mode synthesized lines, an innovative heterogeneous integrated phased array is implemented and experimentally verified. One of the core components is the three-channel selector, whose architecture is similar to the triplexer but with dramatically different functions. Other key components like the tri-mode coupler and diplexer are introduced, as well. The integrated phased array is equivalent to a conventional Butler matrix for beam-switching in the low band, but can automatically switch its topology into a Van Atta array and a phase-conjugating array, respectively, in the mid and high bands for retrodirection. This multi-functional integrated phased array is an original idea that has never been reported in open literature.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
誌謝 v
Contents vii
List of Figures x
List of Tables xvi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Literature Survey 3
1.3 Contributions 6
1.4 Chapter Outlines 8
Chapter 2 Miniaturized Couplers with Harmonic Suppression Using Synthesized Transmission Lines 10
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Design of the Unit Cell 11
2.3 Synthesis of the Quarter-Wavelength Lines 13
2.4 Miniaturized Couplers with Harmonic Suppression 19
2.4.1 Wilkinson Power Divider 19
2.4.2 Branch-Line Coupler 22
2.4.3 Rat-Race Coupler 25
2.5 Summary 29
Chapter 3 Miniaturized Diplexer on GIPD Process Using Dual-Mode Synthesized Transmission Lines 30
3.1 Introduction 30
3.2 Design Scheme of the Diplexer 31
3.3 Dual-Mode Right-Handed and Left-Handed Synthesized Transmission Lines 32
3.4 CPW Implementation on GIPD process 35
3.5 Realization of the On-Chip Miniaturized Diplexer 39
3.6 Summary 42
Chapter 4 Tri-Mode Synthesized Transmission Lines and its Application to a Miniaturized Triplexer 43
4.1 Introduction 43
4.2 Circuit Design Strategy 44
4.3 Tri-Mode Synthesized Transmission Lines 47
4.3.1 Synthesized Line A 48
4.3.2 Synthesized Line B 56
4.3.3 Synthesized Line C 62
4.3.4 Synthesized Line D 64
4.3.5 Synthesized Line E 72
4.3.6 Synthesized Line F/F’ 75
4.4 Design of the Miniaturized Triplexer 82
4.5 Summary 88
Chapter 5 Heterogeneous Integrated Beam-Switching/Van Atta/Phase-Conjugating Array Using Tri-Mode Synthesized Transmission Lines 89
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 Operational Principle 91
5.3 Core Component Designs 95
5.3.1 Three-Channel Selector 96
5.3.2 Tri-Mode Coupler 101
5.3.3 Diplexer 105
5.4 Phase Compensation Scheme 109
5.5 System Integration and Experimental Validation 113
5.5.1 Beam-Switching Mode 118
5.5.2 Van Atta Mode 122
5.5.3 PCA Mode 127
5.6 Summary 131
Chapter 6 Conclusion 132
6.1 Summary 132
6.2 Future Works 133
References 135
Publication List 149
Appendix 152

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