麥克道爾（Edward MacDowell, 1860-1908）是十九世紀末二十世紀初美國的重要作曲家，以歐洲的學習背景結合美國音樂特色，讓他的作品充滿浪漫與想像。除了大型作品如協奏曲與奏鳴曲之外，鋼琴性格曲是他最具代表性的創作。麥克道爾的《森林素描》套曲（Woodland Sketches, Op.51）包含了十首附有標題的短曲，其多元的素材與豐富的想像力，延續了十九世紀鋼琴性格曲發展出來的風貌。

本篇論文分為三個章節，第一章簡述麥克道爾生平與作品風格，了解他的音樂背景。第二章針對十九世紀鋼琴性格曲的發展，延伸探討《森林素描》的創作背景與寫作手法。第三章討論《森林素描》每一曲的音樂聯想，以 “文學” 與 “大自然” 兩大類型為主要素材，研究樂曲標題與音樂之間的關聯與啟發。期望透過對此作品的研究，更加理解麥克道爾的音樂思考在作曲上的呈現。

Edward MacDowell (1860-1908) is one of the late 19th-century’s important American composer. His works combine a European educational background with an American musical style, resulting in romantic works full of creativity. In addition to large works such as his concertos and sonatas, MacDowell’s most representative works are 19th-century piano characteristic pieces.

Particularly of note are his Woodland Sketches Op.51, which includes ten short pieces each with their own title, multi-dimensional elements and rich imagination, an exemplary work showing the style of 19th-century piano compositions.

This thesis consists of three chapters. The first Chapter describes MacDowell and his music compositions and an understanding of his life background. The second Chapter discusses the development of 19th-century piano character pieces and further discusses the background and creative process of Woodland Sketches. The final Chapter focus on the musical imaginations within each piece by looking at the two sources of inspiration, literature and nature, and studying how titles of each piece are interrelated.

The hope and expectation of this research is that the contribution of this great American composer towards musical thought and compositional creativity will be more widely understood and well-recognized.

謝誌 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..ⅰ
中文摘要 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….ⅱ
英文摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ⅲ
目次 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………ⅳ
表目次 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………ⅴ
譜例目次 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ⅵ
前言 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..ⅷ

第一章 麥克道爾的生平與音樂風格 ………………………………………………………………1
第一節 麥克道爾生平簡述 ………………………………………………………………………1
第二節 麥克道爾鋼琴作品總覽 ……………………………………………………………5

第二章 麥克道爾《森林素描》作品51 ………………………………………………………11
第一節 十九世紀鋼琴性格曲 …………………………………………………………………11
第二節 《森林素描》創作背景 ………………………………………………………………15
第三節 《森林素描》寫作手法 ………………………………………………………………16

第三章 麥克道爾《森林素描》的音樂聯想 …………………………………………………24
第一節 四首與大自然有關的音樂聯想 …………………………………………………25
第二節 六首與故事、文學相關的音樂聯想 ………………………………………33

結語 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………48
參考書目 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………51

一、外文書目

Alexander, J. Heywood. To Stretch Our Ears: A Documentary History of America’s Music. New York : W.W.Norton & Company, 2002.

Gilman, Lawrence. Edward MacDowell: A study. New York : John Lane Company, 1906.

Howard, John Tasker and George Kent Bellows. A Short History of Music in America.
New York : Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1967.

Horowitz, Joseph. Classical music in America : a history of its rise and fall. New York : W.W. Norton & Company, 2005.

Hansen, Peter S. An Introduction to Twentieth Century Music. Boston : Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1961.

MacDowell, Edward. Critical and Historical Essays. Boston : Arthur P.Schmidt and Co., 1912, reprinted New York: Da Capo Press, 1986.

Porte, John F. Edward MacDowell: A Great American Tone Poet, His Life And Music. New
York : E.P. Dutton & Company, 1922.

Sadie, Stanly, ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians Vol.15. London :
Macmillan Publishers, 2001. pp.458-465.

Todd, Larry R. Nineteenth-Century Piano Music. New York : Schirmer Books., 1990.


二、中文書目

音樂之友社編，林勝儀譯。《新訂標準音樂字典》。台北：美樂出版社，1999。

黃彩綾。《麥克道爾十二首炫技練習曲 作品四十六之研究》。國立台北藝術大學
音樂學系碩士論文，2013。

Harold Schonberg著。《美國作曲家馬克杜威》李鳶英譯。全音音樂文摘，第九卷
第十二期。台北：全音音樂文摘雜誌社，1985。96-99頁。

Roger Kamien著。《音樂 認識與欣賞》陳美鸞等譯。台北：麥格羅希爾，2005。

三、網路資源

http://www.macdowellcolony.org/index.html. 麥克道爾藝術村 檢索日期：2014 / 02/ 10
http://www.jstore.org.dbs.tnua.edu.tw:81/ 檢索日期：2014 / 01 / 02
http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com.dbs.tnua.edu.tw:81/subscriber/;jsessionid=127111A336BCCF4F89C429A50DEC795A 檢索日期；2013 / 12 / 10

四、樂譜

Field, John. Eightteen Nocturnes. London：G. Schirmer, Inc.
MacDowell, Edward. Woodland Sketches Op.51. New York : Belwin Mills publishing co.
Mendelssohn, Felix. Complete works for Pianoforte solo. Vol.Ⅱ. New York : Dover Publications, Inc., 1975.
Schubert, Franz. Compositions for the Piano. London : G. Schirmer, Inc., 1924.
Schumann, Robert. Waldszenen Op.82. Germany : Breitkopf & Hartel‧Wiesbaden.