近年來，虛擬化已成為了建置雲端機房的一項重要技術。本論文針對了多處理器的伺服器進行了vCPU超量配置的實驗，觀察vCPU超量配置時對於效能的影響。此實驗的目的在於探討虛擬化技術下vCPU超量配置的可行性，若是能證明vCPU超量配置能夠在不降低vCPU效能、穩定性與同質性的前提下，達成資源平均分配，那代表vCPU超量配置在虛擬化資源配置中是可行的。
本研究在實驗中意外發現了雙路伺服器在vCPU超量配置中奇數與偶數配置的差異，數量為奇數的情況下，由於vCPU無法平均分配至兩個實體CPU中，導致vCPU效能、穩定性與同質性方面，皆不如雙路伺服器的偶數vCPU超量配置，而在單路伺服器上則沒有存在這樣的差異，超量配置依舊能夠在不影響總體效能的情況下讓各vCPU平均分到資源。另外本論文在最後也提出了關於奇數vCPU超量配置的改進方法，解決各vCPU的效能與穩定性的問題。

Recently, virtualization has become an important technology for building cloud data center. In this paper, we do the vCPU over-provisioning experiment on the multi-processor server in order to observe how vCPU over-provisioning impacts performance. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the feasibility of configuring virtual processors exceed the number of physical cores, if the experiment result prove that vCPU over-provisioning can allocate resources averagely without causing vCPU performance downgrade, vCPU performance unstable, and vCPU performance inhomogeneous, that means vCPU over-provisioning is feasible for provisioning virtual resources.
In the study, we accidentally discovers that the difference between odd-number cases and even-number cases of vCPU over-provisioning on a dual-processor server from the experiment, the performance and stability and homogeneity of vCPUs in the odd-number cases are worse than even-number cases, because odd number of vCPUs are not divisible by two physical CPU, but this phenomenon doesn’t appear on the one-processor server. Finally, we also proposed the method for improving the performance and stability on odd-number cases vCPU over-provisioning of each vCPU.

致謝 I
Abstract II
中文摘要 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XIV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目標 2
1.3 貢獻 3
1.4 組織章節 4
第二章 背景知識 5
2.1 虛擬化技術 5
2.1.1 虛擬化技術簡介 5
2.1.2 虛擬機器 7
2.2 VMware ESXi 8
2.2.1 VMware ESXi簡介 8
2.2.2 VMware ESXi架構 9
2.3 vCPU的超量配置與資源競爭 11
2.4 文獻探討 12
第三章 實驗工具與方法 15
3.1 實驗架構 15
3.2 實驗工具簡介 16
3.2.1 效能測試工具─BogoMIPS 16
3.2.2 虛擬化平台操作程式─VMware vSphere Client 19
3.3 實驗方法 21
3.3.1 超量配置下vCPU之效能 21
3.3.2 超量配置下vCPU之穩定性 22
3.3.3 超量配置下vCPU之同質性 22
第四章 超量配置實驗(一) 24
4.1 實驗流程說明 24
4.2 實驗環境 26
4.3 實驗結果 27
4.3.1 同時測試8個VM 28
4.3.2 同時測試9個VM 30
4.3.3 同時測試10個VM 32
4.3.4 同時測試11個VM 34
4.3.5 同時測試12個VM 36
4.3.6 同時測試13個VM 38
4.3.7 同時測試14個VM 40
4.3.8 同時測試15個VM 42
4.3.9 同時測試16個VM 44
4.4 實驗結果分析 46
4.5 問題探討 48
第五章 超量配置實驗(二) 53
5.1 實驗流程說明 53
5.2 實驗環境 53
5.3 實驗結果 54
5.3.1 同時測試4個VM 55
5.3.2 同時測試5個VM 57
5.3.3 同時測試6個VM 59
5.3.4 同時測試7個VM 61
5.3.5 同時測試8個VM 63
5.3.6 同時測試9個VM 65
5.3.7 同時測試10個VM 67
5.4 實驗結果分析 69
第六章 改進雙路伺服器上奇數vCPU配置之方法 71
6.1 改進方法 71
6.2 改進後之實驗結果 72
6.2.1 同時測試9個VM 73
6.2.2 同時測試11個VM 75
6.2.3 同時測試13個VM 77
6.2.4 同時測試15個VM 79
6.3 改進結果分析 81
第七章 結論與未來展望 84
參考資料 85
附錄A 87
附錄B 96
附錄C 125
附錄D 140
附錄E 154

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