本研究軟鏈段選用聚醚多元醇中的聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚酯多元醇中的聚丁二醇己二酸(PBA)，硬鏈段則選用不易黃變的脂肪族異氰酸酯4,4-二苯甲基二異氰酸鹽(H12 MDI)，內部乳化劑選擇具有COOH官能基的二羥基甲基丙酸(DMPA)，中和劑為三乙胺(TEA)，鏈延長劑則使用具有阻燃效果的磷系阻燃劑(DOPO-HQ)及磷氮系阻燃劑(FRC-6)去合成反應型阻燃水性聚胺酯，將合成完之阻燃水性聚胺酯以外添加方式分別加入NCO-J型與NCO-G型交聯劑並塗佈於織物上，以適當的預乾時間與預乾溫度去探討其剝離強度、防水透濕、阻燃等性質。
首先合成不同配比的反應型阻燃水性聚胺酯，並添加不同比例的NCO交聯劑，以FT-IR與NMR進行結構鑑定，利用FT-IR觀察交聯劑與阻燃水性聚胺酯的分子作用力，輔以TGA及DSC去對薄膜進行性質分析之探討，阻燃水性聚胺酯配置成塗佈液對織物進行加工，利用FE-SEM觀察塗佈液與織物間的接著情況，在防水透濕部份去測試剝離強度、耐水壓、透濕度，再以限氧指數LOI與CPAI-84規範下測試阻燃性質。
由FT-IR結果顯示，添加交聯劑後觀察到氫鍵作用力及交聯作用的存在，在性質分析中，無論在氮氣或是空氣環境下，都會隨著阻燃劑含量增加其裂解溫度較未添加阻燃劑時提前，殘留量而有上升的情形，添加不同交聯劑的狀況下，又以添加NCO-G型的薄膜熱穩定性及阻燃性最佳。由FE-SEM觀察接著情形及剝離強度測試下，結果為13FREG G-5%型的剝離強度最強;防水透濕測驗結果為EG型與13FREG NCO-G型交聯劑下較其他配比中，具有良好的耐水壓與透濕度。
塗佈層之阻燃性質分析中，20FREG G-5%測出LOI值為27.5，且CPAI-84之碳化距離為90mm，相較於其他配方阻燃效果是最佳。

In this study, a series of reactive flame retardants of water-borne polyurethane were prepared from polyether polyol (polyethylene glycol (PEG)) and polyester polyol (polybutylene adipate (PBA)) prepolymers. The PEG and PBA behaved as a soft segment in the polyurethane backbones. Aliphatic isocyanate hydrogenated (diphenylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI)) was used as a hard segment. Dihydroxy methyl propionic acid (DMPA) with carboxylic acid functional group, Triethylamin(TEA), and nitrogen-phosphorus based flame retardants of FRC-6 and phosphorus based flame retardants of DOPO-HQ were incorporated into the reactive flame retardant of water-borne polyurethane as an internal emulsifier, neutralizer agent, and the chain extending agent, respectively. The water-borne polyurethane with flame retardant was added with isocyanate cross-linking agent (FTC: NCO-J or BAYER: NCO-G), and then was coated on the fabric whose peeling strength, waterproof and permeability, and flame retardant properties were investigated.
First the water-borne polyurethane with different ratios of flame retardant were synthesized, and then was cross-linked with add different kinds of cross-linking agent. FTIR and NMR were used for structural characterization, and FTIR was also used for the study on the molecular interaction forces between the cross-linking agent and the flame retardant of the water-borne polyurethane. TGA and DSC were used to investigate the properties of the film. The water-borne polyurethane with reactive flame retardant was coated on fabrics, and then the interface between the polyurethane coating and the fabrics was investigated by FE-SEM. The peeling strength, waterproof and water vapor permeability were then studied subsequently. The Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) tester and CPAI-84 were applied to characterize the flame retardant ability of reactive flame retardant water-borne polyurethane.
The intermolecular force between polyurethane and the fabric were found to be hydrogen bonding and cross-linking based on FTIR spectra. TGA results showed that the degradation temperature decreased and the char yield increased as the flame retardant content increased whether in nitrogen or air atmosphere. Reactive flame retardant water-borne polyurethane with NCO-G cross-linking agent owned the best film thermal stability and flame retardant properties. The 13FREG added G-5% cross-linking agent had great peeling strength according to the peeling test and FE-SEM morphology. The EG and 13FREG added NCO-G cross-linking agent had better degree of waterproof and water vapor permeability. The 20FREG G-5% had the best flame retardaning properties with the Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) values of 27.5 and the char length is as long as 90mm.

目錄
摘要i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 iv
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 防水透濕織物(waterproof and moisture permeable fabrics)的發展 1
1-2阻燃水性聚胺酯的發展 3
1-3研究動機與目的 5
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2-1織物簡介 6
2-2高分子燃燒理論 9
2-3阻燃理論 13
2-4阻燃劑的分類與概述 15
2-5防水透濕理論 19
2-5-1透濕性理論 20
2-5-2防水性理論 21
2-6黏著機制 22
2-7阻燃水性聚胺酯介紹 24
2-7-1多元醇(Polyol) 25
2-7-2異氰酸鹽(Isocyanate) 27
2-7-3內部乳化劑(Internal emulsifiers) 31
2-7-3-1陽離子型內部乳化劑(Cationic) 31
2-7-3-2陰離子型內部乳化劑(Anionic) 32
2-7-3-3陰陽離子共存型內部乳化劑 33
2-7-3-4非離子型內部乳化劑(Nonionic) 33
2-7-4鏈延長劑(Chain Extender) 34
2-7-5中和劑(Neutralizer) 34
2-7-6交聯劑 35
2-8水性聚胺酯合成方法 41
2-8-1溶液法(solution process) 41
2-8-2預聚物混合法(prepolymer mixing process) 42
2-8-3熱熔法(melt dispersion process) 43
2-8-4酮亞胺-酮連氮法(Ketimine- Ketazine process) 44
第三章 實驗材料與設備 45
3-1 實驗材料 45
3-2 使用儀器 51
3-3實驗流程 54
3-4實驗步驟 57
3-5性質測試 62
第四章 結果與討論 67
4-1 阻燃水性聚胺酯之合成鑑定 67
4-1-1 FTIR之分析 67
4-1-2 1H-NMR之分析 71
4-1-3 31P-NMR之分析 72
4-2阻燃水性聚胺酯薄膜性質分析 74
4-2-1 熱性質分析(TGA) 74
4-2-1-1阻燃水性聚胺酯薄膜在氮氣氛圍下分析(TGA-N2) 74
4-2-1-2阻燃水性聚胺酯薄膜在空氣氛圍下分析(TGA-AIR) 83
4-2-2示差熱掃描分析(DSC) 94
4-2-3 凝膠分率之分析 101
4-3以阻燃水性聚胺酯作為聚酯織物(PET)塗佈層之物性分析 102
4-3-1剝離強度 102
4-3-2耐水壓與透濕度 105
4-3-3親疏水性分析 109
4-4織物塗佈層的微結構分析(場發式SEM) 116
4-5以阻燃水性聚胺酯作為聚醯胺織物(Nylon 6)塗佈層之阻燃性分析 123
4-5-1 限氧指數(Limited Oxygen Index，LOI)的阻燃性質分析 123
4-5-2 CPAI-84的阻燃性質分析 126
第五章 結論 129
參考文獻 131

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