臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的:本研究主要測量國內不同規模之鑄造業勞工的可呼吸性粉塵及可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽之質量濃度，並建立暴露之預測模式與效度評估。
方法: 本研究選取國內三家鑄造工廠為合作對象，進行廠內勘查及收集相關的基本資料。我們針對不同的生產製程區域進行總計為30個樣本的個人採樣，並且利用日本JIS A1481/X光繞射分析方法(XRD)，進行結晶型游離二氧化矽的定性與定量分析。本研究使用多變項線性迴歸模式，建構勞工暴露於可呼吸性粉塵及可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽質量濃度的預測模式，並利用第四家相同製程之鑄造廠以相同之採樣方式及分析方法所獲得之結果，評估預測模式的效度。
結果: 本研究發現國內3家鑄造廠勞工個人之可呼吸性粉塵及可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽質量濃度分別為2.05±2.54 mg/m3 及0.65±1.01 mg/m3，並且在噴砂製程有最高的暴露濃度，其可呼吸性粉塵及可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽質量濃度分別為2.45±0.39 mg/m3及0.83±3.75 mg/m3。本研究建立的可呼吸性粉塵質量濃度預測模式具備中度的預測能力(調整後R平方為0.45)，可呼吸性粉塵質量濃度模式預測值與實際測量值的準確度為 1.30mg/m3；另可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽濃度預測模式預測能力較低(調整後R平方為0.14)，可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽濃度模式預測值與實際測量值的準確度為 0.13mg/m3。
結論:本研究發現國內4家鑄造廠勞工在噴砂製程有最高之的可呼吸性粉塵質量濃度及可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽粉塵濃度。本研究所建立的可呼吸性粉塵質量濃度預測模式具備中度的預測能力可作為中小企業勞工之暴露預測。建議針對噴砂區製程實施工程改善，以防止勞工暴露於結晶型游離二氧化矽的健康危害。

Purpose: This study aimed to measure the concentrations of respirable dust and respirable crystalline free silica among foundry-industry workers and to establish predictive models for personal exposure levels.
Method: This study selected three foundries as co-operated companies to perform the walk-through survey and collect related basic information. A total of thirty samples from personal sampling in various production processes were collected and analyzed using Japan’s JIS A1418/X x-ray diffraction (XRD) method for qualitatively and quantitatively analyses of free crystalline silica. The multivariate linear regression models were used to establish predictive models for workers’ exposed levels of respirable dust and respirable crystalline free silica. A fourth foundry with similar production characteristics was selected and performed the same sampling and analytical methods to validate the predictive models.
Result: This study found that workers at the three domestic foundries had an average exposure of 2.05±2.54 mg/m3 and 0.65±1.01 mg/m3 to respirable dust and respirable free crystalline silica, respectively. The highest exposure level was observed in the sand blasting area with the average of 2.45±0.39 mg/m3 and 0.83±3.75 mg/m3 for respirable dust and respirable free crystalline silica, respectively. The predictive exposure model for respirable dust had the moderate capacity (adjusted R-squared value of 0.45), and the accuracy between the predicted values and measured ones was 1.30 mg/m3. The predictive value for respirable free crystalline silica was lower in comparison (adjusted R-squared value of 0.14) to have the accuracy of 0.13 mg/m3.
Conclusion: This study found that workers in there four foundries exposed
to the highest concentrations of respirable dust and respirable free crystalline silica in the sand blasting process. Additionally , the established predictive model with the moderate capacity exposed levels in the small_ and median _size companies. for respirable dust concentrations can be used to predict workers’ We suggest conducting control measures in the sand blasting process in order to prevent health hazards resulting from workers’ free crystalline silica exposure.

中文摘要 i
ABSTRACTiii
目 錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究之重要性 3
第三節 研究的目的 3
第四節 研究假設 3
第五節 名詞界定 3
第二章 文獻回顧 6
第一節 鑄造業製程描述 6
第二節 結晶型游離二氧化矽對健康的危害 8
第三節 結晶型游離二氧化矽之調查 11
第四節 暴露評估及健康危害之預測模式 13
第三章 研究方法 15
第一節 研究步驟 15
第二節 研究對象 16
第三節 結晶型游離二氧化矽之暴露評估 17
第四節 資料統計方法 27
第四章 研究結果 29
第一節 結晶型游離二氧化矽之暴露評估 29
第二節 預測模式之建構與效度評估 30
第三節 鑄造業結晶型游離二氧化矽暴露預測模式之效度評估 32
第五章討論 35
第一節 鑄造業勞工之可呼吸性粉塵及可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽粉塵的整體評估35
第二節 鑄造業勞工之可呼吸性粉塵的暴露評估 35
第三節 鑄造業勞工可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽粉塵的暴露評估 36
第四節 建立鑄造業勞工可呼吸性結晶型游離二氧化矽暴露預測模式 36
第五節 本研究優勢 37
第六章 結論與建議 38
第一節 結論 38
第二節 研究限制 39
第三節 應用與建議 39
參考文獻 41
附錄 68

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