臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

全球氣候變遷的影響，迫使企業經營本質不再只是以創造最高價值為優先，也將環保行動納入其營運考量。本研究以美國S&P500企業為對象，探討企業賺取收益的同時對環境保護的努力與表現。本研究以二階段資料包絡分析法評估美國S&P500企業績效與環境績效。第一階段為企業績效評估，以總資產、員工數和股東權益作為投入的衡量指標；收益和利潤作為產出的衡量指標。第二階段為環境績效之評估，以第一階段的產出作為投入項;並以美國商業週刊公佈的S&P500企業之綠色分數(綠色衝擊、環境管理與環境揭露)作為產出的衡量指標。最後再以麥氏生產力指數衡量跨期(2009-2012)的效率變遷。研究結果顯示，以產業分類層級而言，2012年企業績效表現最佳的產業為民生必需品，環境績效表現最佳的產業為資訊科技產業，整體(同時考慮企業績效與環境績效)績效表現最佳者為非必需消費品產業。2011-2012年跨期效率進步最多的產業是民生必需品；退步最多的產業為醫療保健。以上發現，除了可以提供政府環境政策制定的參考外，亦可作為投資者或社會大眾對於綠色企業的投資或採購的決策依據。

The impact of global climate change has forced enterprises to look beyond the maximization of profits, and take environmental protection into consideration. This paper treats the U.S. S&P 500 as the target, and discusses the efforts made by for-profit enterprises and their environmental performance. The two-stage DEA (Data Development Analysis) model is used to evaluate the business performance and environmental performance of U.S. S&P 500. The first stage evaluates the business performance, with total assets, employee and equity as the measurement indicators of input, and revenue and profit as the measurement indicator of output. The second stage evaluates the environmental performance, with the output in the first stage as the input indicator, and the green score (environmental impact, environmental management and environmental disclosure) of S&P 500 published in the Newsweek as the measurement indicators of output. Finally, Malmquist Productivity Index is used to measure the intertemporal (2009-2012) efficiency changes. The results suggest that in terms of industry classification, in 2012, the industry with the best business performance is consumer staples, the industry with the best environmental performance is the information technology, and the industry with the best overall performance (both business performance and environmental performance are considered) is consumer discretionary industry. In 2011-2012, the consumer staples industry has the greatest improvement in intertemporal efficiency, while the health care industry has the least improvement. The findings can serve as reference for the governments in environmental policy making, and the decision-making basis for investors in investing green enterprises or the public in purchasing green products.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
Table of Contents IV
List of Tables VI
List of Figures VII

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Purpose of Research 7

Chapter 2 Literature Review 8
2.1 Environmental Performance 8
2.1.1 Environmental Impact 8
2.1.2 Environmental Management 11
2.1.3 Environmental Disclosure 13
2.1.4 Corporate Reputation 16
2.1.5 Green Policy 17
2.2 Business Performance 19
2.3 DEA Related Applications 22
2.4 Two-Stage DEA Related Applications 24

Chapter 3 Methodology 25
3.1 CCR Model 25
3.2 BCC Model 27
3.3 Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) 29
3.3.1 Business Performance Variables 30
3.3.2 Environmental Performance Variables in 2009-2010 31
3.3.3 Environmental Performance Variables 2011-2012 32
3.4 Malmquist Productivity Index 35

Chapter 4 Results 38
4.1 2009 ~ 2010 Industrial and Business Environment Performance 38
4.2 2011 ~ 2012 Industrial and Business Environment Performance 44
4.3 2009 ~ 2010 Industrial Environment Performance Change 49
4.4 2011 ~ 2012 Industrial Environment Performance Change 50

Chapter 5 Conclusion 57
5.1 Research Conclusion 57
5.2 Management Implications 58
5.3 Management Contribution 59
5.4 Research Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research 60

References 61

Appendix 72



List of Tables
Table 1 Business Performance Indicators 31
Table 2 Assessment factors and weights for different scores 33
Table 3 Name of industry and number of companies 34
Table 4 Benchmark enterprises in 2009 and 2010 43
Table 5 Benchmark enterprises in 2011 and 2012 47
Table 6 Business green implementations from 2009 to 2010 54
Table 7 Business green implementations from 2011 to 2012 56

List of Figures
Figure 1 Analysis model of two-stage DEA 29
Figure 2 Front-edge moving of intertemporal efficiency 35
Figure 3 Matrix diagram of business and environmental performance in 2009 42
Figure 4 Matrix diagram of business and environmental performance in 2010 42
Figure 5 Matrix diagram of business and environmental performance in 2011 46
Figure 6 Matrix diagram of business and environmental performance in 2012 46
Figure 7 Matrix diagram of environmental performance in 2009 and 2010 49
Figure 8 Matrix diagram of environmental performance in 2011 and 2012 51

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