臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究進行手持觀日夜觀測與測距在同一光軸之日夜兩用雷射測距望遠系統設計。微光夜視鏡組與望遠鏡組作同一光軸光學設計，可以縮小系統體積、降低重量及後勤維護容易。具日夜望遠觀測與測距功能的光電測距裝置，可進行威脅目標物之影像擷取、偵測威脅目標物回波訊號，並做即時測距。其動作原理，首先以雙筒望眼鏡對準目標，對目標射出一平行雷射光束，接收目標反射雷射光，微處理器進行測距訊號處理，即時完成距離量測。本系統由雙筒望遠鏡組、微光夜視鏡組及雷射測距電路三大模組所組成。考量使用者眼睛安全，雷射模組採用波長1550nm才不會對眼睛造成傷害，且目鏡處1550nm波段之雷射光穿透率降至1%以下。量測距離範圍為5-9000m，所以必須採用高功率半導體雷射約14W，訊號才不會因爲衰減而測不到距離。雙目稜鏡折光式望遠鏡放大倍率為 7X、物鏡孔徑為42mm、出光孔徑為6mm、望遠鏡與光放管的視場角分別為6.75∘及7∘、屈光度範圍為 +4D～-4D及系統鑑別率MTF值軸上≧0.3@0.3cyc/mrad；軸外≧0.2@0.3cyc/mrad，光放管增益40000，S/N為24，解析度64mm/lp，光學畸變量<5%。

This thesis is mainly study the laser range finder (LRF) system design for the day and night observation. The night vision and telescope are using the co-axis, therefore not only system size is diminished, but also the system weight is lighted and easy to maintain. The day and night laser range finder telephoto devices can be captured the target for threat image, detection the signal by object return signal, and immediate measure the range. The laser range finder operation principle, firstly emitted the laser beam to the target and received the laser beam from the target reflection, after that signal processing by microprocessor completed for the distance measurement. Consider for the eye safety, we using the wavelength 1550nm for a laser module, it does not cause the eyes harmful, and the eyepiece for the transmittance of laser light wavelength 1550nm is less than 1%. Measure distance from 5-9000m, because of the far distance will attenuation the signal cause the avalanche photodiode (APD) undetectable, so it must be adopted a high power semiconductor laser is about 14W. The magnification of binocular refractive telescope is 7X, objective lens aperture is 42mm, eyepiece aperture is 6mm, viewing angle of the telescope and image intensifier is 6.75∘and 7∘respectively, the diopter range from +4D ~ - 4D and the MTF value at the axis is ≧0.3@0.3cyc/mrad; out of the axis is ≧0.2@0.3cyc/mrad. The gain of image intensifier is 40000, signal noise ratio is 24, the resolution is 64mm/lp and the optical distortion is <5%.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.1.1 雙筒望遠鏡 1
1.1.2 夜視鏡 6
1.1.3 雷射測距儀 8
1.2研究目的與動機 10
1.3文獻探討 11
1.4 研究方法 13
1.5論文架構 14
第二章 系統設計原理 15
2.1望遠鏡工作原理 15
2.2光放管工作原理 25
2.3抗反射膜原理 27
2.4 光學性能原理 31
2.4.1出瞳距離 31
2.4.2視場與視場角 32
2.4.3分辨率與對比度 33
2.5光學參數評價設定 34
2.5.1色差 35
2.5.2 單色像差 36
2.5.3調制轉換函數 40
2.5.4波長範圍的設定 42
2.6 脈衝飛時式雷射測距原理 44
2.7雷射光在大氣中衰減與吸收 47
2.8雷射功率計算原理 54
第三章 系統架構圖與光學設計流程 57
3.1 光學系統架構 57
3.2制定規格 61
3.3光學系統設計流程 64
3.4電路系統架構 67
第四章 設計實例 70
4.1 雷射二極體功率計算 70
4.2 雷射脈衝波、精確度與頻寬的計算 75
4.3 白天望遠系統設計結果與分析 77
4.4夜間望遠夜視系統設計結果與分析 82
4.5 整體設計結果與分析 93
第五章 結論與未來展望 95
參考文獻 97
附錄一Zemax MTF優化指令 102
附錄二Zemax面參數的限制指令 103
附錄三 ZEMAX像差優化與透鏡性質的限制指令 104
附錄四 ZEMAX一階光學性能優化指令 105
附錄五 ZEMAX透鏡材質的限制指令 106
附錄六 ZEMAX數學操作元指令 107
附錄七 ZEMAX透鏡資料的限制指令 109
作者介紹 111

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