臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文是針對現今LED應用於照明時所需要的電源加以分析並研究，如何提升LED驅動電源的效率文中介紹電路的應用,並將其應用在照明時能減少驅動電流因LED VF電壓的變化而使得輸出電流變化太大進而影響整體照明輸出產生不一樣的流明(lm)值，影響整體照明的視覺。LED是目前最有可能取代傳統照明的元件，因此文中也介紹LED的動做原理、螢光粉的激發原理、色度系統、轉換效率、封裝製程。現今LED的封裝技術雖是日漸提升，但是對於封裝後的LED其VF值仍是無法控制在非常精準的範圍內，因此常常會有一些偏離規格但是又是良品的LED此時就必須仰賴配BIN的方式將此良品的LED做去化的動作，但在作去化的動作之前則必需慎選驅動電源，因LED的VF如果差異0.2V時，則當其多顆串在一起時，其壓差可能會多達到10幾伏特，因此驅動電源必須能函蓋在這些電壓差的範圍，甚至更多，方可使用。當驅動電源設計完成後則必須再經過許多的驗証，例如電路的驗証，安規的驗証……的驗証，文中特別提出EMI的解析方式，經過務實的實際量測，製作一組未加EMI的驅動電源和一組利用EMI元件的電路，透過此電路EMI元件增加或減少，來觀看其中的變化，借由其中的變化驗證其效能與可行性。

關鍵詞：電激發光、能隙、流明、輝度、定電流二極體、檢測網路、輻射干擾、傳導干擾、雷射二極體。

This paper is to be applied for when the current LED lighting power needed to analyze and study how to improve the efficiency of LED drive power application paper describes the circuit and its application in illumination can reduce the drive current due to LED VF voltage variations the output current has changed so much and thus affect the overall light output produce different lumen (lm) values, affect the overall lighting vision. LED is the most likely to replace conventional lighting elements, so the paper also introduced the principle of LED's move to do to stimulate the principle of phosphor, color system conversion efficiency, packaging process. Today LED packaging technology is growing, although improved, but its VF value for packaged LED is still unable to control in a very precise range, so often there will be some deviation from the specification but it is the yield of the LED will now have to rely on with BIN the way to do this yield the LED of the action, but before making a go of action is necessary to carefully choose the drive power, Because LED If the difference between the VF 0.2V, then when it more stars strung together, the pressure is likely to reach more than 10 a few volts, so the driver must be able to supply covers the voltage difference in these ranges, and even more in order to use . When the drive power supply design is complete, you must go through a lot of verification, such as verification of the circuit, safety verification, the text proposed in the special analytical methods EMI, through pragmatic actual measurements, making a group is not added EMI drive power and a group of circuit elements utilizing EMI, EMI components through this circuit to increase or decrease, to watch one of the changes, the effectiveness and feasibility of verification by the changes therein.
Keywords: electric excitation light, the energy gap, lumens, brightness, constant current diodes, detect network, radiation interference, conduction disturbances, laser diode.

摘要..................................................................................................................................I
Abstract.................................................................................................II
致謝.............................................................................................................III
目錄...............................................................................................................IV
圖目錄..............................................................................................................VI
表目錄...............................................................................................................XI
第一章 緒論..……………………............................................................................1
1.1前言............. ........……....................................................................................1
1.2 LED的發展背景………..................................................................................3
1.2.1 LED產生白光的方式......................................................................4
1.2.2 LED光源的特點...............................................................................6
1.3 研究目的與動機............................................................................................7
第二章LED基本理論.................................................................................................9
2.1 LED發光基本原理........................................................................................9
2.2螢光粉的激發原理....................................................................................12
2.2.1螢光粉的發展................................................................................12
2.2.2螢光粉的來源與取得...................................................................13
2.2.3螢光粉的製程................................................................................14
2.2.4 螢光粉如何發光.........................................................................14
2.3色度系統................................................................................................17
2.3.1 CIE色度座標及主波長計算方法.................................................17
2.3.2色溫的概念.........................................................................19
2.4 光度學..................................................................................20
2.4.1光度學簡介..................................................................................20
2.4.2視效函數與光譜之關係................................................................21
2.5 LED能量轉換效率與過程.........................................................................22
2.6 LED封裝製程............................................................................................23
2.6.1晶片級的封裝.............................................................................24 2.6.2無封裝LED...................................................................................25
2.7光度計量單位............................................................................................29
2.7.1光通量F(Luminous Flux)............................................................29
2.7.2光強度I(Luminous Intensity)......................................................29
2.7.3照度E(Illuminance).....................................................................30
2.7.4輝度B(Luminance)......................................................................30
第三章 LED的特性及驅動分析..........................................................................32
3.1引言............................................................................................................32
3.2 LED的基本特性.........................................................................................32
3.2.1 亮度與電流..................................................................................32
3.2.2 電流與電壓..................................................................................34
3.2.3順向偏壓的偏差與溫度變化導致順向電壓的下降...................34
3.2.4 LED驅動方式................................................................................35
3.2.4.1 定電壓驅動方式(利用電阻限制電流)...........................36
3.4.2.2 定電流驅動方式..............................................................37
3.4.2.3 交換式電源的電流控制方式..........................................39
3.3 LED驅動電源分析.....................................................................................39
3.3.1 交流-直流轉換電路......................................................................39
3.3.2 交換式(Switching)電源................................................................41
3.3.3 非隔離式定電流的電路分析.......................................................43
3.3.3.1 VCC PIN............................................................................44
3.3.3.2 ZCD檢測網路...................................................................45
3.3.3.3空載電壓...........................................................................45
3.3.3.4 COMP PIN.........................................................................46
3.3.3.5 CS PIN(IC 設定電流PIN)...............................................46
3.3.3.6 GND PIN............................................................................47
3.3.7輸出濾波電感(Ouput Filter Inductor)和MOS計算公式............47
3.4 輸出電流及輸出電壓的驗證....................................................................47
第四章 LED驅動電源的安規要求......................................................................54
4.1固態照明的CE安規認証............................................................................54
4.2 EMI(Electromagnetic Interferenec)/電磁干擾............................................54
4.3 EMS(Electromagentic Susceptibility)/電磁耐受性....................................54
4.4 CE標誌適用的地區....................................................................................55
4.5電磁干擾的法規..........................................................................................55
4.5.1磁干擾(EMI)測試法規(輻射干擾)..............................................55
4.6電磁干擾(EMI)測試法規(傳導干擾).........................................................56
4.7電磁耐受度(EMS).......................................................................................58
4.8 EMI元件對傳導與輻設影響的實驗分析及量測.....................................58
4.8.1 輻射測試.......................................................................................59
4.8.1.1 Radiation Test Data..............................................................60
4.8.1.2 Conduction Test...................................................................72
4.8.1.3由以上Conduction(傳導)所量測的結果整理出EMI元件對頻段的影響.........................................................................90
4.8.1.4 EMI 測試先後順序............................................................90
第五章 結論與未來研究方向...............................................................................92
5-1 結論............................................................................................................92
5-2 未來研究方向............................................................................................93
參考文獻.................................................................................................................94

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