臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣在天然粒料逐漸缺乏的情況下，尋找適當的替代粒料及節能減碳是公共工程的重要課題。本研究使用改質後的轉爐石(Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag, BOF)取代粗粒料進行多孔隙瀝青混凝土(Porous Asphalt Concrete, PAC)配比設計，並與傳統轉爐石PAC以及天然粒料PAC比較其耐久性、功能性及安全性。接著於不同溫度下，進行實驗室分析，探討抗車轍、透水和瀝青用量性質，最後分析改質轉爐石PAC以及密級配瀝青混凝土於現地鋪築前後之現地檢測數據。
　　試驗結果顯示，改質轉爐石PAC強度高，穩定值、滯留強度以及回彈模數都高於對照組，三種PAC皆有良好的透水效果。鋪面溫度提高至70℃將使車轍深度大幅增加，而改質轉爐石抵抗高溫變形的能力較佳，但於高溫下的動穩定值仍無法通過規範，且直接影響到輪跡處的透水值，90℃滲透係數只有60℃的一半。顯示出養護時間對PAC的重要性。且改質轉爐石混合料的吸油率會受到養治時間的影響，需延長萃取時間以獲得更精確的實驗結果。施工後的改質轉爐石於功能性、安全性及耐久性方面皆能符合規範，且於四個月後之績效良好，屬於短期觀察，仍須持續觀察，了解長期績效。

In the case of Taiwan lacks natural pellets gradually to find suitable alternative pellets and reduce carbon emissions is an important topic of public works. The study used a modified Basic Oxygen Furnace replace coarse aggregate to do asphalt concrete (Porous Asphalt Concrete, PAC) mix design, and compare it with the traditional Basic Oxygen Furnace and natural aggregates PAC with durability, functionality and safety. Then at different temperatures, laboratory analysis, to explore anti-rutting, permeable asphalt content and nature, the final analysis the modified Basic Oxygen Furnace and dense graded asphalt concrete to be detected before and after the data with paving.

The results show that the modified Basic Oxygen Furnace PAC strength, stable value retention strength and resilience modulus are higher than three PAC there are good effects of flooding. Pavement temperature was raised to 70 ℃ will dramatically increase the depth of the rut, and modified converter stone preferred high temperature deformation resistance, but in dynamic stability values at high temperatures still can not regulate and direct impact on the value of the wheel track at permeable, 90 ℃ permeability coefficient is only half of 60 ℃. It shows the importance of curing time on the PAC. Basic Oxygen Furnace mix oil absorption will be affected raised, the need to extend the extraction time to get a more accurate results. Basic Oxygen Furnace modified after construction stone in functionality, safety and durability compliant and good performance after four months, are short-term observation, we shall continue to observe, to understand the long-term performance.

目錄
摘要........Ⅰ
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Modified Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag
Applied to Porous Asphalt ........Ⅱ
致謝.....Ⅵ
目錄.........Ⅶ
表目錄.......ⅩⅢ
圖目錄........ⅩⅤ
第一章 緒論....1-1
1.1 前言.....1-1
1.2 研究動機...1-2
1.3 研究目的...1-3
1.4 研究範圍...1-3
第二章 文獻回顧....2-1
2.1 多孔隙瀝青混凝土....2-1
2.1.1 功能性與安全性..2-1
2.1.2多孔隙瀝青混凝土的材料...2-2
2.1.3 多孔隙瀝青混凝土路面之孔隙率...2-5
2.1.4多孔隙瀝青混凝土之鋪面特性...2-6
2.1.5 PAC的應用情況.....2-7
2.2 轉爐石....2-8
2.2.1轉爐石的製備....2-9
2.2.2 轉爐石處理及安定化...2-11
2.2.3 國外使用BOF情況...2-15
2.2.4轉爐石應用於瀝青混凝土..2-17
第三章 研究計畫...3-1
3.1 試驗架構與流程...3-1
3.2試驗材料....3-4
3.2.1 瀝青膠泥基本性質....3-4
3.2.2 粒料基本性質....3-7
3.2.3 纖維...3-9
3.2.4 填充料...3-10
3.3 多孔隙瀝青混凝土配合設計...3-11
3.3.1 多孔隙瀝青混凝土配合設計...3-11
3.3.2 穩定值及流度值試驗....3-17
3.3.3 孔隙率試驗....3-18
3.3.4 垂流試驗....3-19
3.3.5 Cantabro磨損試驗....3-20
3.3.6 滯留強度...3-20
3.3.7 透水試驗....3-21
3.3.8 回彈模數....3-22
3.3.9 間接張力試驗...3-22
3.3.10 摩擦試驗.....3-23
3.3.11 車轍輪跡試驗.....3-24
3.5 改質轉爐石PAC鋪設路段..3-27
3.5.1 鋪設前鑽心..3-27
3.5.2 鋪面結構...3-29
3.5.3 鋪築...3-30
3.6 現地檢測方法....3-33
3.6.1 功能性評估—透水量試驗..3-33
3.6.2 功能性評估—噪音量試驗..3-34
3.6.3 耐久性評估—車轍量試驗..3-35
3.6.4 耐久性評估—平坦度試驗..3-35
3.6.5 耐久性評估—Clegg衝擊試驗...3-36
3.6.6 安全性評估—摩擦試驗...3-37
第四章 結果與討論...4-1
4.1 試驗材料基本物性.... 4-1
4.1.1 改質轉爐石基本物性...4-1
4.1.2 改質三型瀝青基本物性...4-2
4.1.3 高黏度改質瀝青基本物性....4-3
4.1.4 密級配瀝青混凝土配合設計...4-4
4.1.4.1 配比設計曲線..4-4
4.1.4.2 最佳含油量試驗結果圖表.4-4
4.1.5 多孔隙瀝青混凝土配合設計...4-5
4.1.5.1 設定孔隙率目標值..4-6
4.1.5.2確定目標孔隙率..4-6
4.1.5.3 決定瀝青用量..4-8
4.1.5.4 PAC試體之工程性質..4-10
4.2 改質轉爐石與天然料添加於PAC之工程性質..4-11
4.2.1 穩定值...4-13
4.2.2 流度值....4-14
4.2.3滯留強度指數(TSR)...4-15
4.2.4 垂流與Cantabro試驗..4-16
4.2.5 間接張力強度..4-18
4.2.6 回彈模數(MR)...4-19
4.2.7 孔隙率和滲透係數試驗..4-20
4.2.8 摩擦試驗....4-22
4.2.9 車轍試驗....4-23
4.3 鋪面溫度與養治時間.....4-25
4.3.1試驗路段溫度模擬...4-25
4.3.2養護時間與車轍深度..4-27
4.3.3車轍試驗後透水值...4-33
4.3.4馬歇爾試體孔隙率與滲透係數..4-35
4.4 吸油率與含油量...4-37
4.4.1 改質轉爐石吸油率..4-37
4.4.2 瀝青含量試驗..4-38
4.4.3提高萃取試驗時間...4-42
4.5 改質轉爐石多孔性瀝青混凝土現地績效...4-44
4.5.1功能性-透水量..4-45
4.5.2 功能性-噪音..4-46
4.5.3 耐久性-平坦度...4-47
4.5.4 耐久性-車轍..4-48
4.5.5 耐久性-CIV值....4-49
4.5.6 安全性-抗滑值...4-50
第五章 結論與建議....5-1
5.1 結論....5-1
5.2 建議....5-2
參考文獻.....參-1
委員問題與建議...附-1

表目錄

表2.1.1多孔隙瀝青混凝土級配規格...2-4
表2.2.1 煉鋼爐石與天然碎石物性比較..2-18
表2.2.2 配比設計試驗結果....2-19
表3.2.1 高黏度改質瀝青規範...3-4
表3.2.2 PAC粗粒料性質規範...3-7
表3.2.3 PAC細粒料性質規範...3-8
表3.2.4 木質纖維試驗規範....3-9
表3.2.5 礦物纖維試驗規範...3-10
表3.2.6 填充料規範....3-10
表3.3.1 多孔隙瀝青混凝土級配規格....3-12
表3.3.2多孔隙瀝青混凝土之品質規定...3-17
表3.5.1 鑽心試體厚度與狀況...3-29
表4.1.1 粗粒料試驗結果與規範....4-2
表4.1.2 天然細粒料試驗結果與規範..4-2
表4.1.3 改質三型瀝青試驗結果與規範...4-3
表4.1.4 高黏度瀝青試驗結果與規範..4-3
表4.1.5 密級配試驗結果與規範..4-4
表4.1.6 PAC拌和曲線....4-7
表4.1.7 改質轉爐石PAC試驗結果與規範..4-10
表4.2.1表4.2.1 三種粒料之比較...4-11
表4.3.1 MultiCool 使用參數...4-25
表4.3.2 車轍處孔隙率與透水係數..4-33
表4.4.1 粒料吸水率...4-37
表4.4.2 廠拌數據....4-38
表4.4.3 改質轉爐石混合料瀝青含量..4-39
表4.4.4 改質轉爐石粗粒料與瀝青拌合後萃取試驗..4-40
表4.4.5 瀝青用量比對....4-42










圖目錄
圖2.2.1 一貫作業煉鋼廠爐石生產流程...2-9
圖2.2.2 各爐石種類....2-10
圖2.2.3 轉爐石改質原理....2-14
圖2.2.4 傳統轉爐石作業流程....2-14
圖2.2.5 改質轉爐石作業流程....2-15
圖2.2.6 歐盟國家2010年鋼渣再利用狀況..2-16
圖3.1.1 實驗室研究流程...3-2
圖3.1.2 現地檢測研究流程.....3-3
圖3.2.1 高黏度瀝青之韌性與張應力曲線...3-7
圖3.3.1 日本排水級配配合設計流程....3-11
圖3.3.2 空隙率與級配2.36mm過篩質量百分率關係圖.3-14
圖3.3.3 瀝青含量與垂流量關係圖....3-15
圖3.3.4 瀝青含量與飛散損失率關係圖....3-16
圖3.5.1 施工前鋪面結構.......3-27
圖3.5.2 各路段鑽心試體照..3-28
圖3.5.3 選定鋪設路段示意圖...3-30
圖3.5.4 (a)改質轉爐石PAC鋪築...3-31
圖3.5.4 (b)改質轉爐石橫向接縫加熱..3-31
圖3.5.4(c)改質轉爐石PAC鋪面完成面......3-32
圖3.5.5 BOF-PAC路段........3-32
圖3.6.1 透水量試驗.........3-33
圖3.6.2 噪音量試驗......3-34
圖3.6.3 車轍量試驗........3-35
圖3.6.4 平坦度試驗........3-36
圖3.6.5 Clegg衝擊試驗....3-37
圖3.6.6 摩擦試驗....3-37
圖4.1.1 密級配配合曲線...4-4
圖4.1.2 密級配含油量與相關試驗結果...4-5
圖4.1.3 嘗試級配與孔隙率關係圖...4-6
圖4.1.4 目標級配曲線....4-7
圖4.1.5 不同瀝青含量與垂流量關係圖...4-9
圖4.1.6 不同瀝青含量與磨損率關係圖...4-9
圖4.2.1 PAC之穩定值比較..4-13
圖4.2.2 PAC之流度值比較..4-14
圖4.2.3 PAC之滯留強度指數比較...4-15
圖4.2.4 PAC之垂流量比較..4-16
圖4.2.5 PAC之抗飛散能力比較..4-17
圖4.2.6 PAC之間接張力比較....4-18
圖4.2.7 PAC之回彈模數比較....4-19
圖4.2.8 PAC之孔隙率比較...4-20
圖4.2.9 PAC之透水試驗結果...4-21
圖4.2.10 PAC之摩擦試驗比較..4-22
圖4.2.11 PAC之車轍輪跡試驗比較..4-23
圖4.2.12 PAC之動穩定值試驗比較..4-24
圖4.3.1 時間與鋪面溫度關係圖...4-26
圖4.3.2 改質轉爐石PAC於不同溫度下載重與車轍深度圖..4-27
圖4.3.3 改質轉爐石PAC鋪面溫度與動穩定值關係圖..4-28
圖4.3.4三種粒料於60℃之車轍曲線..4-29
圖4.3.5三種粒料於70℃之車轍曲線..4-30
圖4.3.6三種粒料於90℃之車轍曲線..4-31
圖4.3.7鋪面溫度與動穩定值關係圖比較..4-32
圖4.3.8 切割後輪跡處試體..4-33
圖4.3.9 孔隙種類....4-34
圖4.3.10 馬歇爾試體與車轍試體孔隙率與透水係數.4-35
圖4.4.1 改質轉爐石試體切面圖..4-37
圖4.4.2 PAC養治前後含油量比較...4-41
圖4.4.3 萃取時間與吸油率之關聯..4-42
圖4.5.1 現地透水值變化....4-45
圖4.5.2 噪音值變化........4-46
圖4.5.3 IRI值變化...4-47
圖4.5.4 車轍量變化...4-48
圖4.5.5 CIV值變化....4-49
圖4.5.6 BPN值變化...4-50

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