臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於空載光達技術的普及，高解析度數值高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)已被廣泛使用於表現地形地貌。相較於早期的DEM，高解析度DEM能提供更精細的三維空間資訊。以立體模型展示DEM雖然能擬真的體驗地形變化，卻難以與其他二維圖資套合，達到瀏覽分析的功能。本研究嘗試從高解析度DEM推導出幾種常見的地形參數，例如山體陰影、坡度、坡向、開闊度與多向陰影，並將這些地形參數以二維網格形式來展圖。這些地形圖能展示地形地貌的特徵，亦方便於結合其他二維圖資進行各種地理資訊分析。不同地形參數圖的特色會透過地圖的視覺調查來進行分析，參數的調整、地形參數圖的配色方式與多幅地圖間之色彩連續性也會在研究中作討論。對於一些特殊的應用需求，研究中也評估了結合兩種地形參數的展示效果。此研究預期會對高解析度DEM的應用帶來幫助，未來也期望能發展出自動化的展圖程序，提升製圖的品質與效率。

Meter-level resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) have become widely available since airborne LiDAR systems are popular. Although displaying high-resolution DEMs with stereo viewing screen allows us to realistically experience the topographic changes, it is difficult to overlay or inter-analyze with other thematic maps. This study devotes to the theory of deriving topographic parameters from high-resolution DEMs and the visualization of the parameters as raster maps, such as hillshade, slope, aspect, openness and multi-directional hillshade and so on. These parameters enable users to observe topographic features with two-dimensional maps. The characteristics and advantages of each topographic parameter will be analyzed through a visual investigation of the maps. The tint scheme and color continuity of adjacent frames will be discussed as well. The combination of two topographic parameters into a map will also be assessed to display topographic information, which meets the requirements of some particular applications. This study is expected to be useful for a variety of applications of high-resolution DEMs.

摘要 I
Extended Abstract II
致謝 VI
目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 4
1.3 研究方法與流程 5
1.4 論文架構 6
第二章 地形參數 7
2.1 地形參數的概念 7
2.2 各種地形參數推導及應用 8
2.2.1 山體陰影(Hillshade) 8
2.2.2 坡度(Slope) 10
2.2.3 坡向(Aspect) 11
2.2.4 開闊度(Openness) 12
2.2.5 多向山體陰影(Multi-directional Hillshade) 15
第三章 地形參數的顯圖與配色 17
3.1 色彩 17
3.1.1 色彩屬性 17
3.1.2 色彩空間 18
3.2 配色 20
3.2.1 單色配色 20
3.2.2 彩色配色 21
3.3 地形參數的配色 23
3.3.1 單項地形參數配色 23
3.2.2 複合地形參數配色 25
第四章 實驗與分析 27
4.1 實驗資料的來源及性質 27
4.2 地形參數調整 29
4.2.1 山體陰影參數調整 29
4.2.2 坡度影響因素 32
4.2.3 坡向影響因素 33
4.2.4 開闊度參數調整 34
4.2.5 多向山體陰影影響因素 35
4.3 地形參數於不同地形之表現 39
4.4 配色分析與色彩連續性 41
4.5 雙參數組合 44
4.6 水線疊圖 45
第五章 結論及建議 47
參考文獻 49

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