臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

相較於傳統好氧活性污泥法處理污水，厭氧生物處理不僅耗能少還具有產生能源的潛力，因此，已被廣泛應用於處理不同種類的廢水。然而，厭氧生物處理啟動時間較長是其缺點之一，成為限制其實廠化的主要限制因素。本研究利用高效率厭氧流體化床反應槽結合厭氧流體化薄膜反應槽 (AFBR-AFMBR) 在室溫下處理都市污水，目的在探討利用沸石作為載體所需的啟動時間及反應槽表現，及評估利用此系統處理低濃度生活污水之可行性。本研究以1000 mg COD/L合成廢水、水力停留時間 (HRT) 為1 d、有機負荷率 (OLR) 為1 g/m3/d，以半連續模式操作啟動階段。系統操作到第32天，pH值維持在7，化學需氧量 (COD) 去除效率達90％以上，穩定後的產氣量為1 L/d，顯示系統已達穩定。且揮發性懸浮固體物濃度 (VSS) 從100 降至10 mg/L。另外，在室溫 (20 to 35oC) 連續模式操作下處理低濃度真實污水 (73 to 220 mg COD/L)，總化學需氧量去除率達70到90%、總懸浮性固體物去除率達96%及0.13 L CH4/g CODremoved之比甲烷產量。且薄膜在薄膜通量10 LMH下操作333天，不須經化學清洗。除此之外，系統所需之總能量僅0.015 kWh/m3，又產生之甲烷可提供能量約0.0024 kWh/m3。以上結果皆顯示厭氧流體化床反應槽結合厭氧流體化薄膜反應槽 (AFBR-AFMBR) 能成功應用在處理低濃度生活污水。

In the present study, an anaerobic fluidized bioreactor combined with an anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor (AFBR-AFMBR) was used to for treat municipal wastewater at ambient temperature. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the start-up time and the performance using zeolite as carriers and the performance of the AFBR-AFMBR. During the start-up period, the reactor system was operated in semi-continuous mode and at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1 d and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1 g/m3/d with influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1000 mg COD/L (made by synthetic wastewater). The reactor system reached to steady state with a pH level of 7, COD removal efficiency higher than 90% and 1 L/d of the steady biogas production. The microorganisms were successfully attached onto the carrier. Thereafter, the reactor system was changed to continuous mode operation at 3.5 h of total HRT for treating municipal wastewater (73 to 220 mg COD/L) at ambient temperature ranged from 20 to 35oC. The reactor performance reached to 70 to 90% of COD removal, 96% of total suspended solids (TSS) removal and 0.13 L CH4/g CODremoved of specific methane production. The membrane module in AFMBR can be continuously used for 333 d at a flux of 10 LMH without chemical cleaning. Besides, the reactor system only needed 0.015 kWh/m3 of pumping energy requirement and can generate 0.0024 kWh/m3 of methane energy. The above results revealed that the AFBR-AFMBR is a high efficiency energy-saving system for treating municipal wastewater.

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
CONTENTS IV
LIST OF TABLES VI
LIST OF FIGURES VII
ABBREVIATIONS VIII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research background 1
1.2 Research motivation 2
1.3 Research objectives 3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Anaerobic treatment 4
2.1.1 Mechanisms of anaerobic processes 4
2.1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of anaerobic treatment process 5
2.1.3 Effect of environmental factors 7
2.2 Start-up of the anaerobic treatment system 10
2.2.1 Reactor configuration and operating parameters 10
2.2.2 Carrier type and conditioning 12
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 15
3.1 AFBR-AFMBR systems 16
3.2 Reactor operation 17
3.2.1 Phase I: Start-up of AFBR in semi-continuous mode 17
3.2.1.1 Inoculum 17
3.2.1.2 Carrier type 18
3.2.1.3 Synthetic wastewater fed in phase I 18
3.2.1.4 Operating condition 19
3.2.2 Phase II: Operation of AFBR in continuous mode 19
3.2.2.1 Synthetic wastewater fed in phase II 19
3.2.2.2 Operating strategy and condition 20
3.3 Phase III: AFBR integrating with AFMBR in continuous mode 21
3.3.1 Municipal wastewater 21
3.3.2 Operating strategy and condition 22
3.4 Analytical methods 23
3.4.1 Water quality analysis 23
3.4.2 Biogas analysis 23
3.4.3 Microbe observation 24
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 26
4.1 Phase I and II: acclimation period 26
4.1.1 Variation of environmental parameters (reactor temperature, ORP, pH and alkalinity) 26
4.1.2 Organic removal and biogas production 29
4.1.3 Suspended solid concentration 32
4.2 Phase III: Treatment of municipal wastewater by AFBR-AFMBR system 36
4.2.1 Variation of environmental parameters (reactor temperature, ORP, pH, alkalinity and TMP) 36
4.2.2 Organic removal and biogas production 38
4.2.3 Suspended solid concentration 43
4.2.4 Energy assessment 45
4.3 Microscopic observation 47
4.4 Kinetics modeling 48
4.5 Aerobic vs. Anaerobic processes for treating NCTU wastewater 51
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 52
REFERENCES 54
Appendix A: 口委審查意見表 62
Appendix B: Trouble shooting 64
Appendix C: Nutrients concentration in phase II 65
Appendix D: Nutrients concentration in phase III 67
Appendix E: COD mass balance in phase III 69

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