臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的為觀察水龍骨科(Polypodiaceae)根莖內部構造，藉以瞭解根莖維管束的形態特徵，透過石蠟切片以光學顯微鏡和解剖顯微鏡來觀察根莖維管束的解剖構造，並利用番紅染劑和固綠染劑進行組織染色，以了解不同部位細胞壁的組成成分。根據Christenhusz et al. (2011)的分類架構，本研究共觀察22屬57個物種。其根莖維管束解剖觀察結果顯示，皮層內的環狀厚壁細胞只出現在石葦屬(Pyrrosia)、荷包蕨屬(Calymmodon)、鋸蕨屬(Micropolypodium)、濱禾蕨屬(Oreogrammitis)、輻禾蕨屬(Radiogrammitis)、蒿蕨屬(Themelium)內的物種；塊狀或格狀厚壁細胞於根莖內的分布情形為隨機散生於根莖內、隨機散生於中柱內或是只集中分布於根莖中央，但未見於捲葉蕨(Pyrrosia angustissima)、三叉星蕨(Microsorium pteropus)、水社擬茀蕨(Pymatosorus longissimus)、槲蕨屬(Drynaria)、連珠蕨屬(Aglaomorpha)、劍蕨屬(Loxogramme)、禾葉蕨類群(Grammitoides)。根莖內中柱多為網狀中柱，但在禾葉蕨類群的物種則為雙韌管狀中柱，以及連珠蕨屬物種的片段根莖發現其維管束排列為雙層的情形；根莖內於根莖內維管束其形態大多相似，但維管束壁有明顯增厚或木質化，並依種類有不同的加厚情形，但是二條線蕨 (Lepisorus miyoshianum)、尖嘴蕨(Lepisorus sp.)、擬笈瓦葦(Lepisorus monilisorus)、奧瓦葦(Lepisorus obscurevenulosus)、擬烏蘇里瓦葦(Lepisorus pseudoussuriensis)、水社擬茀蕨、劍蕨屬(Loxogramme)、禾葉蕨類群其維管束壁加厚不明顯或不加厚。根據本研究的觀察結果顯示，同屬物種根莖維管束排列方式大致相似，但在根莖維管束解剖特徵上新發現許多不同的特徵狀態，詳細描述介紹，並依據分類群間特徵狀態觀察特徵演化的方向。

The goals of present study are understanding the rhizome anatomy and vascular structure of Polypodiaceae. Materials were treated as standard paraffin section, the slides were observed under light microscope for the rhizome anatomy. Basing on the observation, the ring of thicken sclerenchyma only could be found in Pyrrosia, Calymmodon, Micropolypodium, Oreogrammitis, Radiogrammitis, Themelium. Stele type within the rhizome mostly dictyostele but something difference in Grammitoides and vascular bundles were arranged in a double situation in part of rhizome in Aglaomorpha. Morphology of vascular are similar but have different thickening of vascular wall case in rhizome. Thickening of vascular walls are not obvious or not in Phymatosorus longissimus, Drymotaenium, Belvisia, Lepisorus monilisorus, Lepisorus obscurevenulosus, Lepisorus pseudoussuriensis in Lepisorus, Loxogramme, Grammitoides and for the remaining taxa species of vascular wall cells, are having a situation thickening or with ligni. Last characteristic is distribution of block or grid-like of thicken sclerenchyma in rhizome, in addition to species of Pyrrosia angustissima, Microsorium pteropus, Phymatosorus loggisimus, Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Loxogramme, Grammitoides. According to result of vascular bundle in rhizome observation in this study, vascular bundle type has same situation in the same genus. We also observed specialized situations and morphology in the past maybe have not raised, so we expect the structural and characteristics of vascular bundle in rhizome anatomy in Polypodiaceae have a systematic order. So as we can observed the structure to understanding in vascular bundle in rhizome with fern and unification of the term for research.

摘要---II
Abstract---III
目錄---IV
圖目錄---VI
表目錄---VIII
I.前言---1
(I).維管束的解剖構造於物種資訊的應用---1
(II).水龍骨科根莖維管束解剖研究---1
(III).研究目的---2
II.材料與方法---2
(I).研究材料---2
(II).研究方法---3
1.根莖片段的選用依據---3
2.根莖維管束切片觀察---3
3.厚壁細胞面積測定---9
4.物種分類架構---9
III.結果---9
(I).特徵判定---9
1.鱗片---9
2.角質層---9
3.根部---9
4.薄壁細胞---9
5.環狀木質化加厚細胞---9
6.厚壁細胞加厚成格狀或塊狀---9
7.中柱類型---9
8.維管束壁加厚情形---9
9.卡氏帶---10
10.周鞘細胞---10
11.韌皮部---10
12.木質部---10
(II).各分類群之根莖維管束解剖構造形態描述---10
1.劍蕨亞科(Loxogrammoideae)---10
(1)劍蕨屬(Loxogramme)---10
2.水龍骨亞科(Polypodioideae) 182
(1)濱禾蕨屬(Oreogrammitis)---12
(2)輻禾蕨屬(Radiogrammitis)---13
(3)荷包蕨屬(Calymmodon)---13
(4)鋸蕨屬(Micropolypodium)---13
(5)穴子蕨屬(Prosaptia)---14
(6)蒿蕨屬(Themelium)---14
3.槲蕨亞科(Drynarioideae)---15
(1)連珠蕨屬(Aglaomorpha)---15
(2)槲蕨屬(Drynaria)---16
(3)肢節蕨屬(Arthromeris)---16
(4)茀蕨屬(Selliguea)---16
4.星蕨亞科(Microsoroideae)---18
(1)棱脈蕨屬(Goniophlebium)---18
(2)伏石蕨屬(Lemmaphyllum)---19
(3)瓦葦屬(Lepisorus)---19
(4)萊蕨屬(Leptochilus)---22
(5)星蕨屬(Microsorum)---23
(6)盾蕨屬(Neocheiropteris)---25
(7)擬茀蕨屬(Phymatosorum)---25
5.鹿角蕨亞科(Platycerioideae)---26
(1)石葦屬(Pyrrosia)---26
VI.討論---29
(I)比較不同生育地之根莖解剖果---30
(II)根莖內細胞組織的不同特徵狀態---30
1.環狀木質化加厚細胞---31
2.厚壁細胞加厚成格狀或塊狀---31
3.根莖內維管束排列類型和維管束構造---32
(III)水龍骨科根莖維管束解剖特徵與親緣關係比較---33
1.劍蕨亞科---33
2.水龍骨亞科---34
3.槲蕨亞科---34
4.星蕨亞科---34
5.鹿角蕨亞科---35
V.結論---35
VI.參考文獻---36
附錄.實驗藥品與配置流程---67

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