臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

觸技曲盛行於即興風格強烈的巴洛克時期，歷經古典與浪漫時期的衰退，直至二十世紀鋼琴觸技曲的創作在各國開始逐漸地復甦。
本文除前言與結語之外，共分為兩章論述，第一章首先探討觸技曲之歷史演進，藉由文獻明瞭鋼琴觸技曲於各時期之興衰；第一章第二部分則先以德布西(Claude Debussy, 1862-1918)與拉威爾(Maurice Ravel, 1875-1937)兩位帶領二十世紀鋼琴觸技曲復甦之作曲家為例，同時研究二十世紀初期鋼琴演奏技巧如何受到印尼甘美朗音樂之影響；第二章第一節至第四節分別以瑟各葉維契‧浦羅柯菲夫(Sergei Prokofiev, 1891-1953)、法蘭西斯‧浦朗克(Francis Poulenc, 1899-1963)、約克‧鮑文(Edwin York Bowen, 1884-1961)、羅伯特‧穆欽斯基(Robert Muczynski, 1929-2010)四位作曲家之鋼琴觸技曲為研究重點，探討內容包括曲式、創作手法、和聲語彙、鋼琴炫技技巧風格，與演奏詮釋。

The genre of Toccata was prevailing since Baroque period, an era with strong improvisatory style. Being through the declination in the Classical and Romantic periods, the Toccata has gradually regained its significance from composers in the twentieth century.
Besides the preface and the conclusion, this report contains main discussions of two chapters. The first part of chapter one introduces the historical development of Toccatas. The second part provides the study of toccatas by two major French composers, Claude Debussy (1862-1918) and Maurice Ravel (1875-1937), who led the revival of Toccatas in the early twentieth century. The influence of Gamelan music from Indonesia will also be discussed in this chapter. The chapter two includes the analytical exploration of four piano toccatas individually composed by Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953) , Francis Poulenc, (1899-1963), Edwin York Bowen (1884-1961), Robert Muczynski (1929-2010). The major survey focuses on the formal structure, compositional feature, virtuosic style, and interpretational thoughts of each toccata from a pianist point of view.

前言 ……………………………………………………………………1
第一章 觸技曲之歷史演進
第一節 觸技曲之起源與發展 ………………………………3
第二節 觸技曲於二十世紀之復甦 ………………………10
第二章 二十世紀鋼琴觸技曲作品之探討
第一節 瑟各葉維契‧浦羅柯菲夫《觸技曲，作品十一》 …13
第二節 法蘭西斯‧浦朗克《觸技曲》選自三首小品 ……22
第三節 約克‧鮑文《觸技曲，作品一五五》 ……………27
第四節 羅柏特‧穆欽斯基《觸技曲，作品十五》 ………35
結語 …………………………………………………………………42
參考書目 ……………………………………………………………44
附錄 …………………………………………………………………47

論文
Kim, Eun-Joung. “A Style and Performance Guide to Selected Piano Toccatas, 1957- 2000.” D.M.A. diss., University of Cincinnati, 2013.
Kinsey, David Leslie. “The Piano Sonatas of Sergei Prokofiev: A Critical Study of the Elements of Their Style.” Ph. D. diss., Columbia University, 1959.
Lee, Hye Won. “The Toccata and the History of Touch: A Pianist Survey of the Symbiosis of Style and Performance Practice of Selected Toccatas From Froberger to Muczynski.” D.M.A. diss., University of Nebraska, 2008.
Song, Seon Hwa, “A Study of Selected Piano Toccatas in the Twentieth Century: A Performance Guide.” D.M.A. diss., Florida State University, 2011.
Weldon, Christopher. “The Published Solo Piano Music of York Bowen: An Analysis.” D.M.A. diss., The Juilliard School, 2002.
Wyttenbach, Leann C. “The Toccata in Twentieth-Century Piano Literature.” D.M.A. diss., University of Wyoming, 1976.

專書

焦元溥。《遊藝黑白:世界鋼琴家訪問錄(上)(下)》，台北市:聯經出版社，2009。
錢劉善。《管風琴的演繹》，香港:宣道出版社，1988。
Apel, Willi. Master of the Keyboard: A Brief Survey of Pianoforte Music. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1947.
Austin, William W. Music in the 20th Century. New York: W. W. Norton &; Company, 1966.
Boccia, Bruno. “Toccata.” in La Musica: Encyclopedia Storica, ed. Alberto Basso, IV Turin: UTET, 1996.
Bowen, York. Pedaling the Modern Pianoforte. London: Oxford University Press, 1964.

Bowen, York. The Simplicity of Piano Technique. London: Augener, 1961.

Daniel, Keith W. Francis Poulenc: His Artistic Development and Musical Style. Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1982.
Demuth, Norman. Music Trends in the Twentieth Century. London: Rockcliff, 1952.
Edward, John. Diruta on the Art of Keyboard-Playing: An Annotated Translation and Transcription of Il Transilvano. United States: University of Michigan, 1975.
Fiess, Stephen C. E.. The Piano Works of Sergei Prokofiev. London: The Scarecrow Press, 1994
Gillesie, John. Five Centuries of Keyboard Music. New York: Dover, 1965.
Gordon, Stewart. A History of Keyboard Literature. New York: Schirmer Books, 1996.
Keith W, Daniel. Francis Poulenc: His Artistic Development and Musical Style . Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1982.
Kirby, Frank Eugene. Music for Piano: A Short History. Portland: Amadeus Press, 1995.
Lyle, Wilson. A Dictionary of Pianists. London: Robert Hale, 1985.
Mintum, Neil. The Music of Sergei Prokofiev. London: Yale University Press, 1997.
Morgan, Robert P. Twentieth-Century Music: From Debussy through Stravinsky. New York: W. W. Norton &; Company, 1991.
Morris, Mark. A Guide to 20th Century Composers. London: Reed International Books. Ltd, 1996.
Myers, Rolle H. Ravel: Life &; Works. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1973.
Reti, Rudolph. Tonality, Atonality, Pantonality. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1958.
Waston, Monica. York Bowen: A Century Tribute. London: Thames Publishing, 1984.
Uszler, Marienne. The Well-Tempered Keyboard Teacher. New York: Schirmer Books, 2000.

期刊

謝綉莉，〈浦朗克鋼琴作品及彈奏技巧概述〉，《師大學報:人文與社會科學類》50(1)，2005，第134頁。
Anderson, Robert. “Review: Barere at Carnegie .” The Musical Times, vol. 130, No. 1760, Aspects of the Keyboard (Oct., 1989), 616.
Apel, Willi. “Neapolitan Links Between Cabezon and Frescobaldi.” Musical Quarterly, 24 (Oct., 1918), 436-437.
Gray-Fisk, Clinton, “Pen Portrait: York Bowen. ” The Musical Times, vol.98, No. 1378 (Dec., 1957), 664.665.

G. Simmons, Walter. “A Muczynski Retrospective.” Fanfare 24, (March/April 1985), 256-266.

Jackson, Claire. “Shakespearean Sage or Soviet Court Jester.” International Piano Magazine, (July/August 2013), 32.
Muczynski, Robert. “America Composer Sketches.” Music Educators Journal, vol.53, No.6 (Feb., 1967), 55-57.

線上資料
Grove Music Online, L. Macy. “Toccatas” by Caldwell, John. http://www.grovemusic.com (accessed May 22, 2015)
Grove Music Online, L. Macy. “Impressionism” by Smith, Richard Langham. http://www.grovemusic.com (accessed May 13, 2015)
Grove Music Online, L. Macy. “Neo-classicism” by Arnold, Whittal. http://www.grovemusic.com (accessed June 10, 2015)

樂譜
Muczynski, Robert. Toccata, Op.15: for the Piano. G. Schirmer, Inc, 1971.
Prokofiev, Sergei. Toccata, Op.11. New York, E.F. Kalmus, 【194-】, (1st ed. 1913).