臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
當今船舶為清除生物污損(biofouling)，皆必須進塢或在停泊中進行，本研究即在於配合船運實際之需求，解決生物污損所產生的問題。對於船舶運輸之營運成本而言，船舶運輸若少了有效的水下防污系統，營運成本將大幅提升並導致額外顯著的船速降低、燃油消耗增加、船殼嚴重腐蝕並造成各類型大氣污染排放。實際上由於船舶推進系統最初在設計上，並未考慮到船舶受到嚴重污損情況下，為維持設計航速所需額外增加的功率，整體船運必將受到耽擱。
本研究在於討論目前所採用與發展中，各種船舶防污技術及其可能面臨的挑戰。從船舶生物污損防治，可看出與海運相關的各環境議題之間的複雜與交錯特性。隨著TBT油漆不再適用於防止船殼生物污損，新一代的無毒、非殺蟲性，以先進表面能量技術為基礎的塗料，似乎已能取而代之。惟欲收實際效果，必須視生物污損為船舶定期之工作任務，從生物覆膜(biofilms)尚未發展成形之階段，利用水下清潔系統，將尚未成形之生物覆膜層清洗，使船舶能恢復原廠設定之性能，減少船殼所造成之阻力，同時，亦可減少船殼表面之腐蝕並延長船舶使用壽命。從成本的角度來看，如此可以在某些情況下，作為船舶生物污損防治的主要方法。

Abstract

The removal of Bio-fouling for ships is always made in dry-dock or mooring. It will be faced to solve the problems of Bio-fouling due to the actual demand for shipping. In this study, we use the nozzle with different out velocity to inject the test samples to simulate the actual Bio-fouling cleaning when the ship moves. The Bio-fouling is an important problem for the operating costs of shipping. If the shipping has less effective underwater anti-fouling systems, operating costs will significantly increase, decrease of shipping speed, cause additional significant fuel consumption and serious hull corrosion that will cause various types of air pollution emissions. In fact, the ship propulsion system did not be considered in the original design under severe fouling conditions. The shipments will surely be affected to maintain the speed but increasing additional power.

We will discuss the various marine anti-fouling technologies and challenges it could be faced in this study. We can see the complexity and cross properties associated with various environmental issues between shipping transportation from the prevention of biological fouling for the ship. Using TBT hull paint is no longer adapted to prevent Bio-fouling, the other new generation of non-toxic, non-insecticidal, advanced surface energy technology-based paint, which seems to have been able to replace it. If it will receive the actual results, the ship Bio-fouling must be done regularly before the biofilms stage had not yet developed forming. Using the underwater cleaning system before the biofilm forming can return the original manufacture configured performance and reduce the resistance caused by the hull, that the hull surfaces will also reduce corrosion and extend the life of the ship. The results can be the main method of controlling the ship biological fouling for reducing the cost.

目錄

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
符號說明 ix
第一章 前言與目的 01
1-1研究緣起 01
1-2研究動機與目的 03
1-3研究方法 03
1-4內容架構 04
第二章 文獻回顧 05
2-1生物覆膜的探討 05
2-1-1生物覆膜的優缺點 05
2-1-2生物覆膜形成順序與影響 06
2-1-3造成生物污染的因素與過程 07
2-1-4如何降低海洋污染的循環方式 07
2-2船舶污損類型及防治議題 08
2-2-1 污損類型 08
2-2-2 工業生物污損議題 09
2-2-3 船舶污損的代價 10
2-3船殼塗料TBT造成的衝擊 11
2-4船舶定期入塢 12
2-5水下人工清洗船殼 13
2-5-1 手提式迴轉裝置 13
2-5-2 HydroCat的機器人 15
2-6空蝕清洗 15
第三章 實驗步驟與方法 16
3-1水下清潔模之組成 16
3-1-1噴嘴模組 17
3-1-2橡膠吸盤模組 18
3-1-3高壓清洗馬達 19
3-1-4抽水馬達 20
3-1-5清洗支架模組 21
3-1-6水槽與船殼模擬板 22
3-1-7水下清洗模組與模組之間連接 24
3-2水下清潔模模組吸附力測試 26
3-3水下清潔模組噴嘴測試 28
3-4吸附力與噴嘴之間的平衡 30
3-4-1吸附力與噴嘴推力之平衡 30
3-4-2實驗步驟與方法 31
3-4-3操作流程圖 31
3-4-4拉力計試驗 32
3-5海洋生物附著模擬試驗 33
3-5-1研究工作目標 33
3-5-2研究工作之步驟 33
3-5-3實驗地點與附著力模擬測試 33
3-5-4操作流程圖 36
3-6清洗後的效果 37
3-6-1清除率之定義 37
3-6-2研究工作與目標 37
第四章 實驗結果與分析 38
4-1水下清潔系統實驗結果分析 38
4-1-1馬達壓力、吸盤真空度及移動力量之實驗結果 38
4-1-2馬達壓力、吸盤真空度及移動力量之線性迴歸分析 39
4-2噴嘴角度25。(扇形)試片實際清洗結果 43
4-3噴嘴角度25。(扇形)試片實際清洗分析 44
4-3-1噴嘴角度25。之試片線性迴歸分析 44
4-3-2噴嘴角度25。(扇形)試片清除率之平均值與標準差 44
第五章 結論與未來展望 45
5-1結論 45
5-2未來展望 46
參考文獻 47

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