臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於電動車與油電混和車的發展，馬達動力系統逐漸被大量使用於車輛載具上。而針對使用於車輛載具的馬達動力系統而言，人們除需關注馬達本身的效率外，也須考量驅動控制、製造、可靠度、散熱等各方面的問題。其中，馬達動力系統開發時，會因製造品質、材料特性與零組件裝配等問題，影響馬達動力系統的可靠度，因此，探討如何將可靠度工程技術應用於馬達動力系統的設計與開發成為了一個重要議題。
本研究以國內製造的一顆100 kW三相鼠籠式感應馬達為範例，執行該馬達之失效模式與影響性分析(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, FMEA)，而後依據FMEA結果進行故障樹分析(Fault Tree Analysis, FTA)，探討馬達失效與其零組件故障的因果關係，接著導入各零組件的失效率，以延伸隨機派翠網(Extended Stochastic Petri Net, ESPN)進行馬達壽命評估。本研究分別使用MIL-HDBK-217F N2與NSWC-11兩套可靠度預估方法，估算各零組件的失效率(Failure Rate)與平均失效時間(Mean Time to Failure, MTTF)；而後再推估馬達系統之壽命分布與可靠度；最後並進行敏感度分析，探討各零組件故障對系統失效的影響，以篩選出關鍵零組件。研究結果顯示，所探討感應馬達壽命可依指數分布嵌合，其平均失效時間為9.86年；而依據FMEA關鍵性分析矩陣以及敏感度分析結果可知，馬達系統中，風險較高的零組件依序為定子繞組、軸承與轉子繞組。

The reliability issues of an electrical motor and its components are studied in this thesis, and a domestically manufactured 100 kW three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor is taken as an illustrative example. First, the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) of the induction motor is carried out. A fault tree analysis (FTA) is performed as well. Both are aimed to understand the potential failure causes of the induction motor. Afterwards, simulation based on the concept of extended stochastic petri nets (ESPN) is carried out to find the reliability of the motor system from knowing individual failure rates of its components. Finally, sensitivity study of individual components with respect to the system in terms of reliability is carried out. In numerical calculation, reliability prediction methods documented in the US MIL-HDBK-217F N2 and NSWC-11 are adopted for finding failure rates of the components and their mean times to failure (MTTFs). The result shows that life distribution of the studied motor system is best fitted by exponential distribution and the MTTF of the motor is 9.86 year. Based on both the criticality matrix constructed from FMEA and sensitivity analysis, it is identified that components bearing high risk are stator winding, bearings, and rotor winding in sequence.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 1
1.3 研究目的及方法 3
1.4 本文架構 4
第二章 應用理論概述 6
2.1 感應馬達原理 6
2.1.1 感應馬達數學模型 8
2.2 可靠度理論 12
2.2.1 可靠度定義 12
2.2.2 機率分布函數 14
2.2.3 機率圖法 20
2.3 失效模式與影響性分析 21
2.4 故障樹分析 24
第三章 馬達之失效模式及影響性分析與故障樹分析 28
3.1 失效模式及影響性分析 28
3.1.1 建立可靠度模式與操作環境 28
3.1.2 各細部零組件之失效模式分析 29
3.1.3 失效影響性與發生度評估 30
3.1.4 失效關鍵性分析 31
3.2 故障樹模型建構 37
3.3 討論各組件之失效模式 41
第四章 建立延伸隨機派翠網模型 44
4.1 派翠網基本概念 44
4.1.1 派翠網結構與數學模式 44
4.1.2 經典派翠網與高級派翠網 45
4.2 延伸隨機派翠網模型規則定義 46
4.2.1 AND邏輯門轉換規則 47
4.2.2 OR邏輯門轉換規則 47
4.3 延伸隨機派翠網模型建置 48
第五章 案例分析結果 50
5.1 NSWC-11可靠度預估模型 50
5.1.1 失效率預估模型 50
5.2 隨機模擬 55
5.2.1 隨機模擬與串聯系統之驗證 57
5.3 敏感度分析 64
5.3.1 數學模型敏感度分析法 64
5.4 分析結果 66
第六章 結論與建議 72
6.1 結論 72
6.2 未來展望 72
參考文獻 73

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