臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來台灣空氣污染的問題日益嚴重，在過去十幾年來人為排放量越來越高，使得大氣中存在許多污染物質，包括懸浮微粒(Particulate Matter, PM)，倘若人體暴露到氣動直徑為2.5微米之細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)可能會影響身體的健康狀態，例如：肺功能減損或呼吸道相關疾病等。
本研究以南投縣溪頭自然教育園區苗圃地所監測之資料為例，監測2013年10月至2014年7月，每22小時收集懸浮微粒PM2.5樣本，共收集106筆資料。採樣PM2.5質量濃度之結果，秋季晝夜平均濃度分別為28.86 ± 7.02 µg/m3以及19.12 ± 5.14 µg/m3、冬季平均為19.16 ± 10.74 µg/m3、春季平均26.33 ± 10.81 µg/m3以及夏季11.52 ± 6.31µg/m3。觀測森林遊樂園區的PM2.5濃度變化進行資料分析，PM2.5組成成分之濃度分析包含16種元素(Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Pb)、有機碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)以及12種離子(Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO2-, NO3−, PO43-, SO4=)。本研究使用受體模式（receptor model）— 正矩陣因子法（Positive Matrix Factorization, PMF），進行污染物來源推估。
利用PMF 5.0模式計算Q值、IM、IS以及誤差區間估計(Error Estimation)評估最合適之污染源數量，以模式解析之污染源指紋(Source profile)結果，以及污染源貢獻量(Source contribution) 推估出溪頭至少有4種主要污染源，包含交通相關之衍生型氣膠污染源(Diesel/Secondary)、燃油燃燒/交通污染源(Fuel-oil combustion/ Traffic)、海鹽傳輸污染源(Sea salt transported)以及生質燃燒(Biomass burning)，其中以交通相關之衍生型氣膠污染源貢獻量佔44%最高。

In recent years, problem of air pollution in Taiwan is worsening. Anthropogenic emissions are increasing, resulting in a lot of pollutants present in the atmosphere, including particulate matters. Expoures to the fine particles (PM2.5) with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micron may cause adverse effect on human health, such as lung function impairment or respiratory-related diseases.
In this study, PM2.5 were measured at the nursery in Xitou natural education area from September 2013 to July 2014. PM2.5 samples were collectd for 80 days and each sample covered 22 hours. The analysis results showed that the average PM2.5 concentration during day and night was 28.86 ± 7.02 µg/m3 and 19.12 ± 5.14 µg/m3 in Fall, respectively; the average of PM2.5 concentration is 19.16 ± 10.74 µg/m3 in winter, 26.33 ± 10.81 µg/m3 in spring and 11.52 ± 6.31 µg/m3 in summer. For PM2.5 compositions, sixteen elements (Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Pb), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) as well as concentrations of twelve inorganic ions (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO2-, NO3−, PO43-, SO4=) were determined. The model of the positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to estimate pollution sources in this study.
We assessed the best-fitted solution by evaluating the Q value, Maximum Individual Column Mean (IM), Maximum Individual Column Standard Deviation (IS), and Error Estimation (EE). Based on the resolved source profiles and source contribution, four sources were identified: Diesel/Secondary, Fuel-oil combustion/ Traffic, Sea salt transported and Biomass burning, while the largest contributors of PM2.5 were Diesel/Secondary pollution source (44%).

致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract v
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.1.1細懸浮微粒之化學組成特性 2
1.1.2森林環境細懸浮微粒之特性 3
1.2受體模式 7
1.2.1正矩陣因子法 7
1.2.2受體模式應用於森林環境 10
1.3 研究架構 11
第二章 研究方法 18
2.1 溪頭自然教育園區環境介紹 18
2.2 採樣策略與分析 18
2.3 樣本分析 19
2.4 受體模式樣本前處理 20
2.5 樣本品質控管 22
2.6 決定污染源數量 23
2.7 誤差估計 (Error Estimation) 25
2.7.1誤差分析 25
2.7.2 Q值判定污染源數量 26
2.8 污染源指紋圖譜之解釋 27
第三章 結果與討論 29
3.1溪頭PM2.5濃度 29
3.2溪頭氣象資訊 31
3.3 PM2.5成分分析 32
3.3.1 XRF QA/QC 32
3.3.2 溪頭PM2.5組成成分描述性分析 32
3.4 受體模式樣本前處理 36
3.5 選定污染源(factor)之數量 36
3.5.1 Q值判定污染源數量 38
3.5.2 誤差估計分析(Error Estimation analysis) 39
3.6 污染源解析 42
3.6.1 三個污染源模式結果 42
3.6.2 四個污染源模式結果 45
3.7 限縮設定(Constraint) 48
3.8 污染源貢獻分析 50
3.9 研究限制 53
第四章 結論與建議 54
文獻參考 102
附錄 112

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