臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以皺葉萵苣-翠妹（Lactua sativa L. var. crispa L.）、不結球白菜-三鳳二號（Brassica rapa chinensis）和三種花色品系之蘭花（Phalaenopsis amabilis）為實驗材料，探討利用高效能發光二極體（Light-Emitting Diode，LED）之不同光源比對作物生長、發育及病害發生的影響。萵苣實驗的光源處理包括： RGB（R 52.5 % + B 22.5 % + G 25 %, LED）、RBFL1（R 40% + B 10% + FL 50% = R 52.5% + B 22.5% + G 25%, LED+ fluorescent)、7R3B（R 70 % + B 30 %, LED）及FL（作為控制組）；光子量、光週期和溫度（明/暗）分別為400 μmol/m2/s、20 hr及 28/25℃，結果顯示在RGB處理下與控制組相比能促進其生物質量、葉片數量、可溶性醣類含量和總多酚類含量增加。此外，RGB處理組也會降低植株的硝酸鹽含量。在白菜炭疽病之發生的研究條件，除了光週期改為16 hr外，其他則在相似的光源配比處理下，在RGB處理組下亦能有效低降低菌絲生長和植株炭疽病的罹病率。三種花色品系之蘭花的研究，光源處理以8R2B、7R3B、6R4B及FL（作為控制組）；生長期光子通量、光週期和溫度（明/暗）為100與120μmol/m2/s、12 hr及31/28℃；在抽梗開花期，則僅光週期和溫度（明/暗）作調整為8 hr及25/18℃；結果顯示三種花色品系之蘭花生長在光子量為設定120μmol/m2/s下，在所有光源處理組相比，僅控制組葉長與葉寬的成長率均達到20 %以上，葉數的成長率亦可達到75 %以上。在光子量為100μmol/m2/s之7R3B處理組下，其花梗長度最長，而且抽梗率及開花率亦是最高。對於花苞數量而言，所有光源處理組相比，在光子量為120μmol/m2/s，控制組的花苞數量最多，達到7.73顆。

In this study, effect of different light sources including red (R), blue (B) and green light-emitting diode (LED) lights on the growth and development of lettuce (Lactuasativa L. var. crispa L.), orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis) and disease resistant of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa chinensis), were evaluated. In lettuce test, photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), photoperiod, and air temperature (light/dark) was conducted to 400 μmol/m2/s, 20 hr, and 28/25 ℃ under different light sources such as, R 70% + B 30% (LED, 7R3B), R 52.5% + B 22.5% + G 25% (LED, RGB) and R 52.5% + B 22.5% + G 25% (LED+ fluorescent, RBFL1), and a white fluorescent lamp (FL, as a control) in growth chamber. The results indicated that the fresh weights of shoots and roots, number of leaf, soluble sugars and total polyphenol compounds of lettuce treated with RGB were significantly increased as compared with control light. However, the nitrate contents of lettuce was decreased, compared to that in the white fluorescent lamp control. In anthracnose disease of Chinese cabbage study under a similar light sources treatment except photoperiod of 16 hr, the mycelium growth of the pathogen treated with RGB was inhibited. The disease severity anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum higginsianum of Chinese cabbage treated with RGB were reduced as compared to treated with FL. In orchid study, PPF, photoperiod, and air temperature (light/dark) of orchid growth period was used as 120 and 100 μmol/m2/s1, 12 hr, and 31/28℃, respectively. But, flower-stalk and flowering period was conducted as 120 and 100 μmol/m2/s, 8 hr, and 25/18℃ under 8R2B, 7R3B, 6R4B and a white fluorescent lamp (FL, as a control) in growth chamber. The growth percentage of leaf length, leaf width and leaf number of three kinds of orchid cultivars treated only with the FL (120 μmol/m2/s) could be increased over 20% and 75%, respectively. However, the flower-stalk length of orchid treated with 7R3B (100 μmol/m2/s) was the longest among all treatments. Similarly, the percentage of flower-stalk emergence and bloom of orchid under 7R3B treatment were highest as compared to other LED-treatments, There was the most flower number per stalk of orchid treated with FL (120 μmol/m2/s). The average flower number per stalk of three cultivar orchids was 7.73.

摘要.......................................................i
Abstract.................................................iii
致謝.......................................................v
目錄......................................................vi
表目錄....................................................ix
圖目錄....................................................xi
第一章緒論與研究目的.......................................1
1.1 緒論...................................................1
第二章 文獻回顧............................................3
2.1 萵苣 (Lettuce).........................................3
2.1.1 生長溫度.............................................4
2.1.2 種子特性.............................................4
2.1.3 栽種方法.............................................4
2.2 蘭花 (orchid)..........................................5
2.2.1 栽培介質.............................................6
2.2.2 光照.................................................6
2.2.3 溫度.................................................6
2.3 太陽光.................................................7
2.4 光源對植物的影響.......................................7
2.4.1 光合作用.............................................7
2.4.1.1 影響光合作用的因素.................................8
2.4.2 光量強度(Light Intensity)對植物生長影響.............10
2.4.3 光型態..............................................12
2.4.3.1 植化素(Phytochemicals)............................12
2.4.4 光週期..............................................16
2.5 人工光源..............................................17
2.6 硝酸鹽................................................17
2.6.1 硝酸鹽之毒性........................................18
2.6.2 硝酸鹽安全攝取量....................................19
2.6.3 植物體內硝酸鹽含量的影響因子........................20
2.7 白菜炭疽病(Cruciferous vegetable anthracnose).........21
第三章 材料與方法.........................................23
3.1 實驗所需之實驗設備與材料..............................23
3.1.1 植物材料與育苗......................................23
3.2 光源製備..............................................24
3.3 不同光源處理下對萵苣的生長發育之探討..................25
3.3.1 不同光源處理下對萵苣育苗期生長之探討................25
3.3.2不同光源處理下對萵苣生長之探討.......................25
3.3.3 額外添加綠光處理下對萵苣生長之探討..................26
3.4 鮮重與乾重測定........................................26
3.5 葉綠素與類胡蘿蔔素含量測定............................26
3.6 可溶性蛋白含量測定....................................27
3.7 可溶性醣類含量測定....................................27
3.8 硝酸鹽含量測定........................................28
3.9 總多酚含量測定........................................28
3.10 不同光源處理下對白菜炭疽病耐受性之探討...............29
3.10.1 炭疽病病原菌株及來源...............................29
3.10.2 菌種保存...........................................29
3.10.3 菌種活化及培養.....................................29
3.10.4 菌株懸浮液製備.....................................29
3.10.5 光源製備...........................................30
3.10.5.1 不同光處理對炭疽病菌孢子發芽及生長之影響.........30
3.10.5.2 不同光處理對白菜炭疽病之影響.....................31
3.11 不同光源處理下對蘭花生長、抽梗及開花之探討...........31
3.11.1 不同光處理對蘭花生長試驗之探討.....................31
3.11.2 蘭花抽梗及開花試驗之探討...........................32
3.11.3 葉綠素指數測定.....................................32
3.12 統計分析............................................32
第四章 結果...............................................33
4.1 不同光源處理下對萵苣的生長發育之影響..................33
4.1.1 不同光源處理下對萵苣育苗期生長之影響................33
4.1.2 不同光源處理下對萵苣生長之影響......................33
4.1.3 額外添加綠光處理下對萵苣生長之影響..................34
4.2 不同光源處理下對白菜炭疽病耐受性之影響................35
4.2.1 不同光處理對炭疽病菌孢子發芽及生長之影響............35
4.2.2不同光處理對白菜炭疽病之影響.........................35
4.3 不同光源處理下對蘭花生長、抽梗及開花之影響............36
4.3.1 不同光處理對蘭花生長試驗之影響......................36
4.2.2 蘭花抽梗及開花試驗之影響............................38
第五章 討論...............................................40
第六章 結論...............................................49
參考文獻..................................................65
附錄......................................................72
Extended Abstract.........................................76
簡歷(CV)..................................................84
表1.光波長對於植物生理與型態之影響........................14
表2.歐盟公告修訂萵苣中硝酸鹽之最大限量標準................19
表3.實驗光源之紅藍綠配比..................................25
Table. 4 Fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of lettuce plantlets under the different light- source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 15 days after sowing at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber...............................50
Table. 5 Plant fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), true leaf number, leaf length and leaf width of lettuce under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 20 days after plantlet-planting at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber............................................50
Table. 6 Chlorophyll (Chl.), Chl. a, Chl. b, Chl. a/b and carotenoid (Car) contents of lettuce under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 20 days after plantlet-planting at 28/25℃ growth chamber (light/dark)..51
Table. 7 Soluble proteins, soluble sugars, nitrate and total polyphenol contents of lettuce under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 20 days after plantlet-planting at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber...52
Table. 8 Plant fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), true leaf number, leaf length and leaf width of lettuce under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 20 days after plantlet-planting at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber............................................52
Table. 9 Chlorophyll (Chl.), Chl. a, Chl. b, Chl. a/b and carotenoid (Car) contents of lettuce under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 20 days after plantlet-planting at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber...53
Table. 10 Soluble proteins, soluble sugars, nitrate and total polyphenol contents of lettuce under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 20 days after plantlet-planting at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber...53
Table. 11 Spore number, percentage of spore germination and mycelium diameter (cm) of Colletotrichum higginsianum under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment at 28/25℃ (light/dark) growth chamber.......................54
Table. 12 Increased and increased percentage of leaf length, leaf width and leaf number of red orchids under different light-source at 100 and 120μmol/m2/s treatment at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber.....................55
Table.13 Increased and increased percentage of leaf length, leaf width and leaf number of black orchids under different light-source at 100 and 120μmol/m2/s treatment at 31/28℃(light/dark) growth chamber...............................56
Table. 14 Increased and increased percentage of leaf length, leaf width and leaf number and growth percentage of white orchids under different light-source at 100 and 120μmol/m2/s treatment at 31/28℃(light/dark) growth chamber..57
Table. 15 Number of flower-stalk emergence and percentage of flower stalk emergence of pink orchids under different light-source at 100 and 120μmol/m2/s treatment at 25/18℃(light/dark) growth chamber...............................58
Table. 16 Number of bloom, flower-stalk and flower bud, flower-stalk length and percentage of bloom of pink orchids under different light-source at 100 and 120μmol/m2/s treatment at 25/18℃(light/dark) growth chamber...........59
Fig. 1. Plantlets growth of lettuce under different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 15 days after sowing at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber.....................60
Fig. 2. Plants growth of lettuce under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 20 days after plantlet-planting at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber...60
Fig. 3. Plants growth of lettuce under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 20 days after plantlet-planting at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber...61
Fig. 4. Chlorophyll (Chl), chl a, chl b, and carotenoid (Car) contents of lettuce under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 20 days after plantlet-planting at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber............61
Fig. 5. Chlorophyll (Chl), chl a, chl b, and carotenoid (Car) contents of lettuce under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 20 days after plantlet-planting at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber............62
Fig. 6. Mycelial growth of Colletotrichum higginsianum under the different light at 400μmol/m2/s treatment for 7 days after inoculation at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber...................................................62
Fig. 7. Disease severity of Colletotrichum higginsianum of Brassica rapa chinensis under the different light-source at 400μmol/m2/s treatment at 28/25℃(light/dark) growth chamber...................................................63
Fig. 8. Growth of orchids under different light-source treatment and photosynthetic photon flux after three months at 31/28℃(light/dark) growth chamber.....................63
Fig. 9. Chlorophyll Concentration index of different flower color of orchids under different light-source at 100 and 120μmol/m2/s treatment at 31/28℃(light/dark) growth chamber...................................................64
Fig. 10. Flower-stalk and bloom of pink orchids under different light-source at 100 and 120μmol/m2/s treatment after three months at 25/18℃(light/dark) growth chamber..64

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