臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

吸菸行為對健康會產生嚴重的危害，因此全世界均大力推廣戒煙。即便戒菸活動推行多年，大學生的抽菸仍維持相當高的比例。戒菸無法成功有許多原因，包括生活中各種與抽菸相關的訊息(包括菸品相關)，可能影響抽菸者的注意力與抽菸動機，其他因素提高抽菸的動機等等。了解這些因素如何影響抽菸動機，對降低抽菸行為有重要意義。因此，本研究以眼動型態探討兩個問題：一、吸菸者與不抽菸者對抽菸相關刺激的注意力偏誤是否有所不同？二、暫時戒斷與焦慮是否會影響對香菸相關刺激的注意力偏誤。本研究以105名亞洲大學學生為實驗參與者，實驗材料為香菸相關圖片與香菸無關圖片。實驗一探討二小時戒斷的抽菸者與非抽煙者對圖片的注意力偏好是否有差異。實驗二探討兩小時戒斷抽煙者在較高焦慮程度下對注意力偏好的影響。實驗三是以點偵測作業測量不吸菸者，吸菸戒斷與提高焦慮是否影響注意力偏誤。實驗一結果為吸菸者雖然會先將注意力移到吸菸相關的圖片，但與未吸菸者一樣皆無注意力偏誤。實驗二結果為高焦慮狀態的抽菸者會出現注意力偏誤。實驗三結果為非吸菸者對於香菸相關物品無注意力偏誤，而吸菸者與吸菸者加入壓力會有注意力偏誤。
綜合這些結果，顯示吸菸者在戒斷二小時狀態並未產生注意力偏誤，且焦慮或壓力會增強戒斷的效果，使吸菸者產生注意力偏誤。點偵測作業在測量注意力偏誤較為敏感。戒斷時間長短、煙癮大小、煙齡長短與注意力偏誤之關係，以及注意力偏誤測量作業敏感度之比較，仍待未來研究加以釐清。

Due to the heavy damage to health, governments around the world promote smoking cessation in full strength. Despite the activities of smoking cessation in years, high percentage of college students keep the habit of smoking. There are many reasons contributing to the failure in smoking cessation, including the exposure to smoking related information in daily life, stress and other motivational factors. How these factors influence smoking motivation means a lot for smoking cessation. Thus, present study investigates the following questions with eye tracker: 1. Is there any difference in attentional bias between smoker and non-smoker? 2. Do temporary cessation and anxiety affect attentional bias to smoking related stimuli? One hundred and five Asia University students were recruited as research participants. Smoking related and unrelated pictures prepared by the researcher were used as experimental material. Experiment 1 investigated whether the difference in attentional bias existing between two-hour-cessation smoker and non-smoker or not. Experiment 2 investigated the effect of elevated anxiety level on attentional bias of two-hour-cessation smoker. Experiment 3 investigated the difference in performance in dot-probe task among two-hour-cessation smoker with or without elevated anxiety level and non-smoker. Smokers in experiment 1 shifted the attention toward smoking-related pictures, but did not show any attentional bias. Smokers with elevated anxiety level showed a strong attentional bias toward smoking-related pictures. Both smokers with/without elevated anxiety level showed attentational bias toward smoking related pictures, but not non-smokers. The above results demonstrated that without the empowered effect of anxiety or stress, smoker with two-hour-cessation showed no attentaional bias. Dot-probe task is a sensitive tool in measuring attentional bias. The relationships among cessation length, smoking addiction level, years of smoking and attentional bias, and comparison of different tasks for measuring attentional bias are expected to be clarify in future studies.

目 錄
中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
目錄 Ⅲ
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與研究問題 2
第三節 名詞定義 3
第二章 文獻探討 4
第一節 國內外大學吸菸盛行率 4
第二節 吸菸原因的探討 4
第三節 戒菸的方法 11
第四節 戒菸失敗的原因 13
第五節 注意力偏誤的測量 16
第六節 吸菸者的注意力偏誤 21
第三章 研究方法 27
第一節 實驗一研究方法 28
第二節 實驗二研究方法 32
第三節 實驗三研究方法 45
第四章 綜合討論 60
第五章 結論與建議 62
第一節 結論 62
第二節 研究建議 62
第三節 未來研究與限制 62
參考文獻 64
中文文獻 64
英文文獻 67
附錄 72

表目次
表1-1有無壓力(2) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數FRST分析摘要 30
表2-1有無壓力(2) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數FFD分析摘要 34
表2-2有無壓力(2) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數TFD分析摘要 35
表2-3有無壓力(2) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數FGD分析摘要 36
表2-4有無壓力(2) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數TFC分析摘要 36
表2-5有無壓力(2) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數RR分析摘要 37
表2-6有無壓力(2) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數RRC分析摘要 37
表2-7有無壓力(2) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數FGFC分析摘要 38
表2-8有無壓力(2) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數AFD1分析摘要 38
表2-9有無壓力(2) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數FRST分析摘要 39
表2-10有無壓力(2) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數IF%分析摘要 40
表2-11眼動指標初期晚期處理階段 二因子變異數分析 41
表3-1參與者(3) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數FFD分析摘要 47
表3-2參與者(3) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數TFD分析摘要 47
表3-3參與者(3) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數FGD分析摘要 48
表3-4參與者(3) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數RR分析摘要 50
表3-5參與者(3) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數TFC分析摘要 51
表3-6參與者(3) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數AFD1分析摘要 52
表3-7參與者(3) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數RRC分析摘要 53
表3-8參與者(3) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數FGFC分析摘要 53
表3-9參與者(3) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數FRST分析摘要 54
表3-10參與者(3) ×有無香菸刺激(2)二因子重複量數IF%分析摘要 55
表3-11眼動指標初期晚期處理階段 二因子變異數分析 56
表3-12三組參與者對於點偵測正確率與反應時間單因子變異數分析摘要 57

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