高血脂症為與肥胖相關的全球性健康議題，其中血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇過高會導致動脈粥狀硬化進而引發高血壓等心血管疾病。白甘藷為部分亞洲國家所使用的傳統民間用藥，有研究指出其具有改善胰島素抗性及調節膽固醇濃度的效果，然而白甘藷調節膽固醇代謝的機制尚未釐清，因此本次研究目的為觀察白甘藷西蒙一號乙酸乙酯萃取物對於倉鼠脂質代謝的影響。將倉鼠分為四組並飼養八週，其分組如下：正常組 (N)，餵食AIN-93G 標準飲食；控制組 (C)，餵食以AIN-93G 飼料為基礎調整之高油 (20%)高膽固醇 (0.2%)飲食；低劑量組 (L)，控制組飲食添加每公斤
飼料0.6 克白甘藷西蒙一號乙酸乙酯萃取物；高劑量組 (H)，控制組飲食添加每公斤飼料1.9 克白甘藷西蒙一號乙酸乙酯萃取物。結果顯示低劑量組血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度顯著低於控制組，而糞便膽酸濃度則高於控制組。高劑量組血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度及糞便膽酸濃度與低劑量組或控制組皆無統計差異。此外，低劑量組肝臟低密度脂蛋白受器蛋白質表現量顯著高於控制組，可能為血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度較低的原因。各組間血清三酸甘油酯與高密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度皆無統計差異。本研究結果顯示白甘藷西蒙一號乙酸乙酯萃取物可能透過調控肝臟低密度脂蛋白的吸收並增加糞便中膽酸的排除，達到降低血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度的效果。

Hyperlipidemia is a world-wild health issue which is associated with obesity. High concentration of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) will lead to atherosclerosis which might cause cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as hypertension. White sweet potato, a traditional medicine in some Asian countries, has been shown to be beneficial in regulating insulin resistance and total cholesterol concentration. However, the mechanism of cholesterol-regulating effects of white sweet potato Simon No. 1 had seldom been studied before. In the present study, hamsters were grouped as ollowings: normal group (N) fed standard AIN-93G diet, control (C) group fed modified AIN-93G diet containing high (20%) fat and high (0.2%) cholesterol, low-dose group (L) fed control diet containing 0.6 g/kg of white sweet potato Simon No. 1 ethyl acetate (EA) extract and high-dose group (H) fed control diet containing 1.9 g/kg of white sweet potato Simon No. 1 EA extract. All animals were fed ad libitum for eight weeks. Results showed that low-dose group had significantly lower concentration of serum LDL-C and higher concentration of fecal bile acid than control group. High-dose group showed no significant difference in serum LDL-C and fecal bile acid concentrations from low-dose and control groups. In addition, low-dose group had higher liver LDL-receptor protein expression than control group which may cause the serum LDL-C-lowering effect. Serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were not different among groups. These findings suggest that white sweet potato Simon No. 1 EA extract may reduce LDL-C in hamsters by increasing hepatic LDL uptake and fecal bile acid excretion.

IV
目錄
圖目錄 ....................................................................................................................... VII
表目錄.........................................................................................................................VIII
第一章 研究動機與目的 ........................................................................................... 1
第二章 文獻回顧 ....................................................................................................... 3
第一節 高膽固醇血症 ........................................................................................... 3
第二節 膽固醇的代謝與調節 ............................................................................... 5
第三節 白甘藷西蒙一號 ....................................................................................... 7
第三章 材料與方法 ................................................................................................. 10
第一節 實驗材料 ................................................................................................. 10
第二節 實驗設計 ................................................................................................. 14
第三節 實驗流程 ................................................................................................. 14
第四節 飼料組成 ................................................................................................. 15
第五節 樣品收集 ................................................................................................. 17
第六節 分析項目 ................................................................................................. 17
第七節 分析方法 ................................................................................................. 18
V
第八節 統計分析 ................................................................................................. 21
第四章 結果 ............................................................................................................. 22
第一節 體重、攝食量及體重增加量 ................................................................. 22
第二節 血清脂質濃度 ......................................................................................... 22
第三節 血清肝臟功能指標 ................................................................................. 23
第四節 血清腎臟功能指標 ................................................................................. 23
第五節 肝臟重量及肝臟脂質濃度 ..................................................................... 23
第六節 糞便重量、中性固醇濃度及總膽酸濃度 ............................................. 24
第七節 副睪及內臟脂肪組織重量 ..................................................................... 24
第八節 肝臟低密度脂蛋白受器LDL-receptor (LDL-R)蛋白質表現量........... 25
第五章 討論 ............................................................................................................. 26
第一節 白甘藷西蒙一號乙酸乙酯萃取物對倉鼠生長的影響 ......................... 26
第二節 白甘藷西蒙一號乙酸乙酯萃取物對倉鼠膽固醇代謝的影響 ............. 27
第三節 白甘藷西蒙一號乙酸乙酯萃取物與膽固醇的異化作用 ..................... 29
第四節 白甘藷西蒙一號乙酸乙酯萃取物對倉鼠肝臟、腎臟的影響 ............. 30
第六章 結論 ............................................................................................................. 32
VI
第七章 參考文獻........................................................................................................41

Ahmadian M, Suh JM, Hah N, Liddle C, Atkins AR, Downes M, Evans RM (2013)
PPARγ signaling and metabolism: the good, the bad and the future. Nat Med 19:557-566.
Alves Cde A, Lima DS (2008) Cystic fibrosis-related dyslipidemia. J Bras Pneumol
34:829-837.
Arantes PR, Sachett LG, Graebin CS, Verli H (2014) Conformational characterization of
ipomotaosides and their recognition by COX-1 and 2.Molecules 19:5421-5433.
Arries EJ, Maposa S (2013) Cardiovascular risk factors among prisoners: an integrative
review. J Forensic Nurs 9:52-64.
Berger J, Moller DE (2002) The mechanisms of action of PPARs. Annu Rev Med 53:409-
435.
Berger A, Rein D, Schafer A, Monnard I, Gremaud G, Lambelet P, Bertoli C (2005) Similar
cholesterol-lowering properties of rice bran oil, with varied gamma-oryzanol, in mildly
hypercholesterolemic men. Eur J Nutr 44:163-173.
Escalante-Sanchez E1, Rosas-Ramirez D, Linares E, Bye R, Pereda-Miranda R (2008)
Batatinosides II−VI, acylated lipooligosaccharides from the resin glycosides of sweet
potato. J Agric Food Chem 56:9423-9428.
Fan BY, Gu YC, He Y, Li ZR, Luo JG, Kong LY (2014) Cytotoxic Resin Glycosides from
Ipomoea aquatica and Their Effects on Intracellular Ca2+ Concentrations. J Nat Prod
77:2264-2272
Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and
purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J biol Chem 226:497-509.
Go GW, Mani A (2012) Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family orchestrates
cholesterol homeostasis. Yale J Biol Med 85:19-28.
42
Ha AW, Han GJ, Kim WK (2012) Effect of retrograded rice on weight control, gut function,
and lipid concentrations in rats. Nutr Res Pract 6:16-20.
Hwang YP, Choi JH, Han EH, Kim HG, Wee JH, Jung KO, Jung KH, Kwon KI, Jeong TC,
Chung YC, Jeong HG (2011) Purple sweet potato anthocyanins attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation
through activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in human
HepG2 cells and obese mice. Nutr Res 31:896-906.
JAMA (1982) Multiple risk factor intervention trial. Risk factor changes and mortality results.
JAMA 248:1465-1477.
Jamil KM, Brown KH, Jamil M, Peerson JM, Keenan AH, Newman JW, Haskell MJ (2012)
Daily consumption of orange-fleshed sweet potato for 60 days increased plasma β-
carotene concentration but did not increase total body vitamin A pool size in Bangladeshi
women. J Nutr 142:1896-1902.
Ju JH, Yoon HS, Park HJ, Kim MY, Shin HK, Park KY, Yang JO, Sohn MS, Do MS (2011)
Anti-obesity and antioxidative effects of purple sweet potato extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
in vitro. J Med Food 14:1097-1106.
Kaneshiro T, Suzui M, Takamatsu R, Murakami A, Ohigashi H, Fujino T, Yoshimi N
(2005) Growth inhibitory activities of crude extracts obtained from herbal plants in the
Ryukyu Islands on several human colon carcinoma cell lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
6:353-358.
Kusano S, Abe H (2000) Antidiabetic activity of white skinned sweet potato (Ipomoea
batatas L.) in obese Zucker fatty rats. Biol Pharm Bull 23:23-26.
Li T, Chiang JY (2012) Bile acid signaling in liver metabolism and diseases. J Lipids
2012:754067.
Lorbek G, Lewinska M, Rozman D (2012) Cytochrome P450s in the synthesis of cholesterol
and bile acids--from mouse models to human diseases. FEBS J 279:1516-1533.
43
Ludvik B, Hanefeld M, Pacini G (2008) Improved metabolic control by Ipomoea batatas
(Caiapo) is associated with increased adiponectin and decreased fibrinogen levels in type 2
diabetic subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab 10:586-592.
Ludvik B, Neuffer B, Pacini G (2004) Efficacy of Ipomoea batatas (Caiapo) on diabetes
control in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with diet. Diabetes Care 27:436-440.
Ludvik BH, Mahdjoobian K, Waldhaeusl W, Hofer A, Prager R, Kautzky-Willer A, Pacini
G (2002) The effect of Ipomoea batatas (Caiapo) on glucose metabolism and serum
cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized study. Diabetes Care 25:239-
240.
Lusis AJ, Fogelman AM, Fonarow GC (2004) Genetic basis of atherosclerosis: part I:
new genes and pathways. Circulation 110:1868-1873.
Malik RC (1984) Genetic and physiological aspects of growth, body composition and
feed efficiency in mice: a review. J Anim Sci 58:577-590.
Mangravite LM, Thorn CF, Krauss RM (2006) Clinical implications of pharmacogenomics
of statin treatment. Pharmacogenomics J 6:360-374.
Marrett E, Zhao C, Zhang NJ, Zhang Q, Ramey DR, Tomassini JE, Tershakovec AM, Neff
DR (2014) Limitations of real-world treatment with atorvastatin monotherapy for lowering
LDL-C in high-risk cardiovascular patients in the US. Vasc Health Risk Manag 10:237-
246.
Meira M, Silva EP, David JM, David JP (2012) Review of the genus Ipomoea: traditional
uses, chemistry and biological activities. Rev. bras. farmacogn 22: 682-713.
Miyazaki Y, Kusano S, Doi H, Aki O (2005) Effects on immune response of antidiabetic
ingredients from white-skinned sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Nutrition 21:358-362.
44
Niwa A, Tajiri T, Higashino H (2011) Ipomoea batatas and Agarics blazei ameliorate
diabetic disorders with therapeutic antioxidant potential in streptozotocin-induced diabetic
rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 48:194-202.
Noda N, Yoda S, Kawasaki T, Miyahara K (1992) Resin glycosides. XV. Simonins I-V,
ether-soluble resin glycosides (jalapins) from the roots of Ipomoea batatas (cv. Simon).
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 40:3163-3168.
Othman RA, Moghadasian MH, Jones PJ (2011) Cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-
glucan. Nutr Rev 69:299-309.
Rabah IO, Hou DX, Komine S, Fujii M (2004) Potential chemopreventive properties of
extract from baked sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam. Cv. Koganesengan). J Agric Food
Chem 52:7152-7157.
Rocha VZ, Libby P (2009) Obesity, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol
6:399-409.
Shekhar S, Mishra D, Buragohain AK, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N (2015) Comparative
analysis of phytochemicals and nutrient availability in two contrasting cultivars of sweet
potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Food Chem 173:957-965.
Soory M (2012) Nutritional antioxidants and their applications in cardiometabolic diseases.
Infect Disord Drug Targets 12:388-401.
Tao H, Hao X, Liu J, Ding J, Fang Y, Gu Q, Zhu W (2008) Resin Glycoside Constituents
of Ipomoea pes-caprae (Beach Morning Glory). J Nat Prod 71:1998-2003.
Watanabe M, Morimoto K, Houten SM, Kaneko-Iwasaki N, Sugizaki T, Horai Y, Mataki
C, Sato H, Murahashi K, Arita E, Schoonjans K, Suzuki T, Itoh H, Auwerx J (2012)
Bile acid binding resin improves metabolic control through the induction of energy
expenditure. PLoS One 7:e38286.
45
Woodside JV, McGrath AJ, Lyner N, McKinley MC (2015) Carotenoids and health in older
people. Maturitas 80:63-68.
Wood AD, Bartness TJ (1996) Caloric density affects food hoarding and intake by Siberian
hamsters. Physiol Behav 59:897-903.
Yin Y, Li Y, Kong L (2008) Pentasaccharide glycosides from the tubers of sweet potato
(Ipomoea batatas). J Agric Food Chem 56:2363–2368.
Yoshikawa K, Yagi C, Hama H, Tanaka M, Arihara S, Hashimoto T (2010) Ipomotaosides
A-D, resin glycosides from the aerial parts of Ipomoea batatas and their inhibitory activity
against COX-1 and COX-2. J Nat Prod 73:1763-1766.
Yu BW, Luo JG, Wang JS, Zhang DM, Yu SS, Kong LY (2011) Pentasaccharide Resin
Glycosides from Ipomoea pes-caprae. J Nat Prod 74:620-628
Zhang X, Wu C, Wu H, Sheng L, Su Y, Zhang X, Luan H, Sun G, Sun X, Tian Y, Ji Y, Guo
P, Xu X (2013) Anti-hyperlipidemic effects and potential mechanisms of action of the
caffeoylquinic acid-rich Pandanus tectorius fruit extract in hamsters fed a high fat-diet.
PLoS One 8: e61922.
Zhang Z, Wang H, Jiao R, Peng C, Wong YM, Yeung VS, Huang Y, Chen ZY (2009)
Choosing hamsters but not rats as a model for studying plasma cholesterol-lowering activity
of functional foods. Mol Nutr Food Res 53:921-930.
行政院衛生福利部國民健康局 (2003) 高血脂防治手冊 – 國人血脂異常診療及預防指
引，修訂版，遠流出版公司，臺北
行政院衛生福利部 (2014) 中華民國102 年死因統計，行政院衛生福利部，臺北