腦中風是成人目前身心障礙及死亡的主要原因之一，身體活動功能障礙是最常見的後遺症，其恢復後的長期照護問題成為健康重要議題，中風患者護理評估及實務照護上更面臨許多困難與問題。世界衛生組織於2001年公佈了國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統（International Classification of Functioning , Disability and Health, ICF），ICF除了身體功能和構造、活動和社會參與因子外，更將環境和個人因素納入，認為疾病、功能、個人和環境間為互動而形成，考量到活動參與及環境因素作為身心健康之需求評估，重視所處環境對個人活動參與和健康的影響，以提供腦中風病患所需之照護需求及健康促進。
本研究目的為以護理四大概念探討國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統ICF在腦中風護理模式之建構。研究方法：描述性研究，立意取樣長照機構之腦中風148位個案為研究對象，經由歸納及整理相關文獻擬出「腦中風病患國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統ICF分類碼之健康失能狀況表」之問卷，進行觀察、訪談病患或主要照護者進行資料收集，以護理四大概念為架構，以SPSS 19版及AMOS 22版統計軟體進行資料分析和腦中風病患整體模式之建構。研究結果：以皮爾森相關係數分析整體ICF核心分類碼之間的相關聯性，整體身體功能b碼與活動參與d碼、環境e碼及s碼均有顯著相關(r=.18~774, p<.05~.001)；進一步分析ICF架構(健康及環境)與護理照護(巴氏量表、IADL量表)之間整體模式關係性，健康-環境(r=.99, p<.001)；健康-護理(r=.91, p<.001)；環境-護理(r=.97, p<.001)，腦中風病患照護整體模式建構成立。結論：護理四大概念在研究對象基本屬性對健康、環境、護理構面有相關顯著影響，整體模型發現健康、環境、護理三大構面間具有高度顯著關係，證實了環境的差異對健康產生不同的影響，更凸顯出ICF架構中身體功能、活動參與及環境評估的重要性。建議未來研究可擴展至ICF架構可將核心分類碼部分作為其他急性或慢性疾病的預後、功能維持與健康相關之生活品質的評量工具之相關研究，以提供日後長照機構評估與照護品質指標追蹤監測的實證參考。

Stroke is the major cause of disabilities and death for adult. The most common sequelae of stroke is physical and functional disable. Therefore, health and care challenges the stroke patients encountered are long-term care need, assessment, and clinical practice. The world Health Organization (WHO) launched the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in 2001 that integrated body function, structures, activities and participation in social factors along with the environmental and personal into the interactions among the disease, functional, personal and environmental. Active participation and environmental aspects are taken into account of assessing the environmental impact on individual’s active participations and health that to provide the quality care and life for stroke patients.
This quantitative descriptive study aimed to explore the linkage of between ICF core sets with four core concepts of nursing on stroke care with purposive sampling of 148 long-term care facility stroke residents. Research instruments used in this study were developed with induction and literature reviews. Data was collected from the observation of participants and interviews with main care provider. The linkage between ICF and four nursing concepts framework is delineated with statistical analysis of SPSS 19 and AMOS that descriptive and inferential data of model construction are carried out.
The Pearson correlation coefficient has shown the categories of ICF core set for the stroke: the whole body function b code, participation d code, environment e code & body structure s code were significantly related(r=.18~.774, p<.05~.001).The whole model of stroke patients was well construction on the domains of health-environment(r=.99, p<.001), health-nursing (r=.91, p<.001), environment-nursing (r=.97, p<.001).
Conclusion: Application of four core concepts of nursing on stroke nursing care, the significant founds were between the participants’ attribute and health, environment, nursing domain. The whole model represented these three domians( health, environment, nursing) were high correlation coefficient. Hence, it was confirmed that different environment was effect on health. In other words, it was important that body activities, participation & environment were assessed in ICF.
Recommendations of the study will be expanded to ICF architecture as part of the core classification code other acute or chronic disease prognosis, functional sustain future research and health-related quality of life assessment of the amount of tools to provide a future long-term care institutions to assess the quality of care indicators track empirical reference monitor.

目 錄
頁 數
致謝........................................................................................................... I
中文摘要................................................................................................... II
英文摘要................................................................................................... IV
論文目錄................................................................................................... VI
圖表目次................................................................................................... X
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究背景與重要性......................................................... 1
第二節 研究動機.......................................................................... 9
第三節 研究目的.......................................................................... 13
第四節 研究問題.......................................................................... 14
第五節 名詞界定.......................................................................... 15
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 腦中風之概述................................................................... 21
第二節 腦中風失能者需求評估工具........................................... 30
第三節 護理四大概念與國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統
ICF之概述........................................................................ 38
第四節 國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統ICF之運用............ 54
第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究設計.......................................................................... 59
第二節 研究對象.......................................................................... 60
第三節 研究架構.......................................................................... 61
第四節 研究工具信效度及預試................................................... 64
第五節 資料收集流程與方法....................................................... 69
第六節 統計分析方法................................................................... 72
第七節 倫理考量.......................................................................... 73
第四章 研究結果
第一節 研究對象基本屬性之現況............................................... 74
第二節 研究對象ICF核心分類碼之現況................................... 80
第三節 護理四大概念健康、環境與護理在ICF核心分類碼
與巴氏量表、IADL量表間之各構面分析..................... 86
第四節 研究對象基本屬性對護理四大概念在健康與環境構
面之相關影響................................................................... 93
第五節 研究對象基本屬性對護理四大概念在護理構面之相
關影響.............................................................................. 98
第六節 護理四大概念研究對象基本屬性、健康、環境、護
理間之相關性分析........................................................... 102
第七節 ICF架構與護理照護模式的建構.................................... 107
第五章 討論
第一節 研究對象基本屬性........................................................... 115
第二節 研究對象ICF核心分類碼之相關…................................ 118
第三節 護理四大概念健康、環境、護理與ICF核心分類碼與
巴氏量表、IADL構面間之相對應….............................. 121
第四節 研究對象基本屬性對護理四大概念在健康、環境、
護理構面之相關影響....................................................... 124
第五節 ICF架構與護理照護模式的建構.................................... 128
第六章 結論與建議
第一節 結論與建議...................................................................... 131
第二節 研究限制............................................................................ 138
參考文獻
中文部分........................................................................................... 139
英文部分........................................................................................... 156
附錄
附錄一 巴氏量表 Barthel Index................................................... 167
附錄二 Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) ............... 169
附錄三 問卷................................................................................... 171
圖一 護理四大概念架構............................................................ 43
圖二 國際功能、失能和健康分類(ICF)理論架構圖................ 47
圖三 研究理論架構................................................................ 62
圖四 研究架構.................................................................... 63
圖五 資料收集流程.................................................................... 70
圖六 整體模式............................................................................ 110
表一 研究對象基本資料............................................................. 76
表二 研究對象身心障礙級別..................................................... 80
表三 ICF核心分類碼現況......................................................... 83
表四 整體ICF碼相關性............................................................ 86
表五 健康構面各面向因素負荷量............................................. 90
表六 環境構面各面向因素負荷量............................................. 91
表七 健康、環境與護理各面向相關性..................................... 92
表八 基本屬性對健康與環境構面之影響................................. 96
表九 基本屬性對巴氏量表與IADL之影響............................. 100
表十 研究對象基本屬性和ICF核心碼對巴氏量表多元逐步迴歸分析........ 105
表十一 研究對象基本屬性和ICF核心碼對IADL多元逐步迴歸分析....... 106
表十二 模型適配度檢定............................................................ 112

中文部份
內政部(2009)．身心障礙者權益保障白皮書。[Ministry of the Interior (2009). Social Welfare Secretary disability : physical and mental disabilities to protect the interests of the white paper.]
內政部統計月報(2012)‧死因統計 ‧ 取自‧http://www.doh.gov.tw/statistic/data/衛生統計重要指標/101/8.xls
[Monthly Bulletin of Statistics Ministry of the Interior (2012). death statistics: (2012, DEC). Retrieved from http://www.doh.gov.tw/statistic/data/衛生統計重要指標/101/8.xls]
王淳厚、陳怡靜、葉純妤、楊政峰、謝清麟(2000)．醫學中心物理治療部門對中風病患使用的評估量表之心理計量特性‧物理治療，25 (4)，215-222。
[Wang, C. H., Chen, Y.C., YEH, C. Y., Yang, J. F. & Hsieh, C. L. (2000) . The Psychometric Characteristics of the Assessment Tools Used for Stroke Patients at Physical Therapy Departments in Medical Centers. Formosan Journal of Physical Therapy, 25(4), 215-222. doi: 10.6215/FJPT]
王國羽、嚴嘉楓(2011)．國際健康功能與身心障礙分類(ICF)系統專業團隊評估模式應用：分類一致性探討．身心障礙研究，9(4)，207-227。
[Wang, K. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2011). The Evaluation Consistency of Professionals for People with Disabilities: International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Practical Applications. Journal of Disability Research, 9(4), 207-227. ]
王顏和(2011)．兒童和少年國際機能、失能和健康分類．「國際健康功能與障礙分類系統-兒童與青少年版推動計畫」(編號：99M4073)．台北：衛生福利部。
[Wang, Y. H. (2011). International classification of functioning, disability and health: children & youth version ICF-CY (No. 99M4073). Taipei, Ministry of Health and Welfare ]
市川英彥、花崗寿滿子(2004)‧高齡者的展望‧日本農村醫學會雜誌，53(1)，1-10。
[Ichikawa, H., & Hanaoka, S. (2004). The Future of Rehabilitation Work for the Aged : A Forecast Based on Our Long-Time Experience. Journal Of The Japanese Association Of Rural Medicine, 53(1), 1-10. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2185/jjrm.53.1]
行政院內政部(2011)．內政統計月報：(2011.08.20)．取自：http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/month/list.htm
[Ministry of the Interior. (2011). Statistics monthly Report: (Aug, 20, 2011). Retrieved from http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/month/list.htm]
行政院內政部(2013)．內政統計月報：(2013.09.25)．取自：http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/month/list.htm

[Ministry of the Interior (2013). Statistics monthly Report: (Sep, 25, 2013). Retrieved from http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/month/list.htm]
行政院衛生福利部(2012)．取自：http://www.doh.gov.tw/statistic/data/衛生統計重要指標/101/8.xls.
[Ministry of Health and Welfare (2012). Statistics Report: (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.doh.gov.tw/statistic/data/衛生統計重要指標/101/8.xls]
衛生福利部(2009)．身心障礙鑑定操作手冊初稿．台北：衛生福利部。
[Ministry of Health and Welfare (2009). Preliminary identification of disability Operation Manual. Taipei, Ministry of Health and Welfare.]
何美那、李淑桂（2010)．協助一位腦中風病人出院準備服務之護理經驗．中山醫學雜誌，21(3)，285 -294。
[Ho, M. N. & Lee, S. K. (2010). Nursing Experience Assisting a CVA Patient Make a Discharge Plan. The Chung Shan Medical Journal, 21(3), 285 -294.]
呂源三、莊玉嬪、詹德欽、莊家銘、洪弘昌(2006)．老人健康需求與長期照護觀點．台灣老年醫學雜誌，2 (1)，1-11。
[Lu, Y. S., Juang, Y. P., Jan, D. C., Chuang, C. M. & Hung, H. C. (2006). A Study on Elderly Heath-Care Demands and Their Perspectives on Long-Term Care. Taiwan Geriatrics & Gerontology, 2(1), 1-11.]
呂淑貞(2011)．國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統碼(ICF)簡介，發表於「行政院衛生署新制身心障礙鑑定規劃與前置作業說明會」‧台北:衛生福利部。
[Lu, S. J. (2011). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health code (ICF) Introduction. Paper presented at The Department of Health Planning and the new system disability identification Lead Seminar. Taipei, Ministry of Health and Welfare ]
宋鴻樟、李源德、林瑞雄、廖倖娟(2002)．腦中風研究文獻整理(計畫編號:DOH91-TD-1031)．衛生福利部九十一年度科技研究發展計畫。
[Sung, F. C., Lee, Y. T., Lin, R. S. & Liao, H. J. (2002). Consolidation stroke research literature (No. DOH91-TD-1031). Taipei, Ministry of Health and Welfare. ]
李庭蓁(2010)．遵從性增強技巧對於中風病患居家復健運動遵從性及功能恢復之成效(碩士論文)。 取自http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/78841818511512521639
[Lee, T. C. (2010). Effects of Adherence Enhanced Intervention on Home Program Exercise Adherence and Functional Recovery in Stroke Patients (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/78841818511512521639]
李淑貞(2007)．國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統(翻譯文件)。衛生福利部研究計畫報告(編號:DOH97-TD-M-113-97017)．臺北市:行政院衛生署。
[Lee, S. J. (2007). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (translation files). Retrieved from http://repat.sfaa.gov.tw/files/ICFtrans.pdf]
李世代(2007)．國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統(ICF)推動之作法、經驗及走向．台北：內政部 社會司委託研究成果報告。
[Lee, S. D., (2007). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to promote the practice, experience and trend. Taipei, Ministry of the Interior. ]
李葳(2011)．合併罹病症指數與日常生活功能之相關性研究-以北台灣某社區醫院為例(碩士論文)．取自http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/15916226095681521838
[Lee, W. (2011). Association Study between Co-morbidity Index and ADL Function -- in Case of Out-patients and In-patients of a Community Hospital in Northern Taiwan (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/15916226095681521838]
李選、張婷(2009)．關懷與溝通：護理專業的核心價值與競爭祕訣．台北：華杏。
[Lee, S. & Chang, T. (2009). Care and Communication: the core values of the nursing profession and competition tips. Taipei, Taiwan: Farseeing publishing ]
沈佩曄、陳靜敏(2012)．國際健康功能與身心障礙分類-護理發展的必要認知．護理雜誌，59 (6)，92-97，doi: 10.6224/JN.59.6.92。
[Shen, P. Y. & Chen, C. M. (2012). The WHO''s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF): Essential Knowledge for Nurses. The Journal of Nursing, 59(6), 92 -97.doi: 10.6224/JN.59.6.92]
總統府(2007)．身心障礙者權益保障法(中華民國九十六年七月十一日總統華總一義字第09600087331號令修正公佈) ．台北市: 總統府。
[Presidential Office (2007). Handicapped Rights Guarantee Law(decree NO.09600087331 announced at July,11, 2007) . Taipei, Taiwan: Presidential Office ]
總統府(2011)．身心障礙者權益保障法(中華民國一百年二月一日總統華總一義字第10000017951號令修正公佈) ．台北市: 總統府。
[Presidential Office (2011). Handicapped Rights Guarantee Law (decree NO. 10000017951 announced at Feb., 1, 2011) . Taipei, Taiwan: Presidential Office ]
林金定(2008)．世界衛生組織「國際功能、失能和健康分類(ICF)」：理論架構、範圍、分類與編碼原則．身心障礙研究，6 (2)。
[Lin, J. D. (2008). WHO International Classifications of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): Introduction to its Structure, Parts, Components and Coding System. Journal of Disability Research, 6(2), 102 -127]
林麗嬋、吳肖琪、蔡誾誾、張淑卿(2010)．現行長期照護評估工具的問題與因應．長期照護雜誌，14 (3)，254-265。
[Lin, L. C., Wu, S. C., Tsai, Y. Y. & Chang, S. C. (2010). Issues of Current Assessment Tool for Long-term Care in Taiwan. The Journal of Long term care, 14(3), 254 -265]
林詩淳、蔡坤維、江瑞坤、辜美安(2010)．長期照護機構中的老人再次住院的相關因素探討．志為護理，9 (3)，92-100。
[Lin, S. C., Tsai, K. W. & Koo, M. (2010). The Factors Associated with Hospital Readmissions of Elderly Residents in Longterm Care Facilities. Tzu Chi Nursing Journal, 9(3), 92 -100]
林昭宏、黃茂雄、劉景寬、林永哲(2000)．影響腦中風患者復健治療住院天數長短的因素．物理治療，25(2)，64-74。
[Lin, J. H., Huang, M. H., Liu, C. K. & Lin Y. T. (2000). Factors Influencing Length of Stay in Rehabilitation Ward for Stroke Patients. Formosan Journal of Physical Therapy, 25(2), 64 -74]
林昭宏、廖麗君、李建宏、劉景寬、林永哲(1999)．腦中風病患全面性日常生活活動量表效度及信度的驗證．中華物理雜誌，24(6)，375-383。
[Lin, J. H., Laiw, L. J., Lee, C. H., Liu, C. K. & Lin, Y. T. (1999). Validilty and Reliability of Comprehensive Assessment of Activities of Daily Living for Stroke Patients. Journal of the Physical Therapy Association of the R.O.C., 24(6), 375 -383]
林昭宏、柴惠敏、廖龍仁、黃昭郎、陳美汀、廖小瑤(2003)．社區居民腦中風患者日常生活活動和生活品質的調查研究．物理治療，28(5)，243-250。
[Lin, J. H., Chai, H. M., Liao, L. R., Huang, C. L., Chen, M. T. & Liao, H. Y. (2003). A Follow-up Study of Activity of Daily Living and Quality of Life for Stroke Patients in the Community. Formosan Journal of Physical Therapy, 28(5), 243-250]

林昭宏、劉景寬、林永哲、黃茂雄(1999)．腦中風患者接受復健治療的臨床資料和功能恢復情況的研究．中華民國物理療學會雜誌，24(2)，81-87。
[Lin, J. H., Liu, C. K., Lin, Y. T. & Huang, M. H. (1999). Clinical Profile and Functional Outcome of Stroke Patients Following Rehabilitation Therapy. Journal of the Physical Therapy Association of the R.O.C., 24(2), 81-87]
林靜芬(2010）．高雄地區長期照護機構65歲以上住民牙科就醫行為及牙科服務滿意度之調查(碩士論文)．取自http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/98281065106067782676
[Lin, C. F. (2010). Dental visit behavior and satisfaction of dental service for elderly residents in long-term care institutions in Kaohsiung area (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/98281065106067782676]
吳亭芳、施書驊、廖華芳、劉燦宏(2012)．國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統之日常生活活動量表：成人版之編製及於中風族群應用之信效度研究．台灣醫學，16 (3)，236-252。
[Wu, T. F., Shih, S. H., Liai, H. F. & Liou, T. H. (2012). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Scale of Activities of Daily Living: Establishment of Adult Version and Psychometric Study on Stroke Population. Formosan Journal of Medicine, 16(3), 236-252]

吳明隆(2009)．結構方程模式: SIMPLIS的應用．(三版一刷)．台北市：五南出版社。
[Wu, M. L. (2009). Structural equation modeling: SIMPLIS Applications. (3rd Eds). Taipei, Taiwan: Wunan publishing ]
邱弘毅(2008)．腦中風之現況與流行病學特徵．腦中風會訊，15(3)，2-4。
[Chiou, H. Y. (2008). Status and epidemiological characteristics of stroke. Nao Zhong Feng Hui Xun, 15(3), 2-4]
邱大昕(2011)．誰是身心障礙者:從身心障礙鑑定的演變看「國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統」(ICF)的實施社會政策與討會．社會政策與社會工作學刊，15(2)，187-213。
[Chiu, T. S. (2011). Who Are the Disabled: An Examination of the Application of ICF in Light of the History of Disability Evaluations in Taiwan. Social Policy & Social Work, 15(2), 187-213]
洪瑞兒(2007)．身心功能障者福利與服務評估機制、流程與服務需求評做指標之研究．內政部委託專案報告(編號:PG9503-2417) ．台南市：台南應用科技大學。
[Hong, Z. R. (2007). Impaired mental function benefits and services evaluation mechanisms, processes and service needs assessment indicators of doing research. (Project report commissioned by the Ministry of Interior, No. PG9503-2417). Tainan, Taiwan : Tainan University of Technology ]
胡名霞(2000)．英國社區式物理治療服務模式之現況與發展．長期照護，4(2)，17-26。
[Hu, M. H. (2000). Present Situation and Development UK community-based model of physical therapy services. The Journal of Long term care, 4(2), 17-26]
胡名霞、許書旋、李建志、王顏和、鄭建興、葉炳強(2006)．腦中風患者復健療時程與出院及長期功能結果之關連性．台灣醫學，10 (2)，248-255。
[Hu, M. H., HSU, S. H., Li, C. C., Wang, Y. H., Jeng, S. H. & Yip, P.K. (2006). Correlation between Duration of Rehabilitation and Functional Outcome at Discharge and at Follow-up in Stroke Patients. Formosan Journal of Medicine, 10(2), 248-255]
高瓊芳、江慧玲、史麗珠、劉祥仁(2008)．門診腦中風患者之生活品質及其相關因素探討．實證護理，4(2)，127-137，DOI：10.6225/JEBN.4.2.127。
[Kao, C. F., Chiang, H. L., Shih, L. C. & Liu, S. J. (2008). Quality of Life and Related Factors among Stroke Outpatients. Journal of Evidence-Based Nursing, 4(2), 127-137, DOI：10.6225/JEBN.4.2.127 ]
施書驊（2011）．以ICF為架構編製之日常生活量表之信、效度研究(碩士論文) ． 取自http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/23228071309373001992
[Shih, S. H. (2009). Reliabilities and Validities of Scale of Activities of Daily Living developed based on ICF (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/23228071309373001992]
張莉琴、高雅玉、徐美華(2009）．提升居家失能老人自我照顧能力之護理經驗．長期照護雜誌，13 (l)，109-119。
[Chang, L. C., Kao, Y. Y. & Hsu, M. H. (2009). Nursing Experience in Improving Self-Care Ability of Disabled Elders in Home Care: A Case Report. The Journal of Long term care, 13(1), 109-119]
張英明、陳品玲、胡朝榮、游家銘、吳柏瑞、陳俊亨(2005)．某區域醫院急性缺血腦中風之醫療成本．北市醫學雜誌，2(3)，55-60，DOI：10.6200/TCMJ.2005.2.3.08。
[Chang, Y. M., Chen, P. L. Hu, C. J., Yu, C. M., Wu, P. J. & Chen, C. H. (2005). Cost of Hospitalization for Acute Ischemic Stroke at a Regional Hospital. Taipei City Medical Journal, 2(3), 55-60, DOI：10.6200/TCMJ.2005.2.3.08 ]
張秋純、蔡麗雅、游顯妹(2007）．一位腦中風病人及其照顧者之護理經驗．中山醫學雜誌，18 (l)，99-110。
[Chang, C. C., Tsai, L. Y. & Yu, H. M. (2007). Caring of a Brain Stroke Patient and His Caregiver. The Chung Shan Medical Journal, 18(1), 99-110, ]
張家銘、蔡智能(2003)．老年人之周全性評估．台灣醫學，7 (3)，364-374。
[Chang, C. M. & Tsai, C. N. (2003). Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. Formosan Journal of Medicine, 7(3), 364-374 ]
張席熒、李世代、陳保中、謝清麟(2006)．長期照護機構住民之工具性日常生活活動需求評估．台灣老年醫學雜誌，2 (2)，116-129。
[Chang, H. Y., Lee, S. D. Chen, B. J. & Hsien, C. L. (2006). Assessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Needs among Residents in Long-term Care Facilities.Taiwan journal of Geriatrics & gerontology , 2(2), 116-129]
張業婕（2010）。中風患者記憶缺失與功能性表現之探討(碩士論文)。 取自http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/130770620552643373
[Chang, Y. C. (2010). Memory impairments after stroke: Relation to functional performance (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/130770620552643373]
郭惠慈、朱以婷、洪芳禎(2007）‧提升腦中風病人全關節運動之護理計畫‧北市醫學雜誌，6 (l)，45-58，DOI：10.6200/TCMJ.2009.6.1.05。
[Kuo, H. T., Chu, Y. T. & Hung, F. C. (2007). A Nursing Program in Improving Joints'' Range of Motion among Stroke Patients. Taipei City Medical Journal, 6(1), 45-58, DOI：10.6200/TCMJ.2009.6.1.05 ]
郭洛伶(2008)．身心障礙者權益保障法分區宣導說明會計畫(2008年8月30日)，取自http://www.enable.org.tw/magz/detail.php?id=79
[Kuo, L. L. (2009). Handicapped Rights Guarantee Law advocacy plan description plan.(Aug, 30, 2008) Retrieved from http://www.enable.org.tw/magz/detail.php?id=79]
陳佳鳳、卓妙如、溫千惠、楊仲琪(2007)．運用巴氏量表於出血性腦中風患者復健治療三個月成效追蹤．台灣家庭醫學雜誌，17 (4)，250-263。
[Chen, J. F., Chow, M. J., Wen, C. H. & Yang, C. C. (2007). A Three Month Follow-up Study of Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients Receiving Rehabilitation Therapy as Assessed by the Barthel Index. Taiwan Journal of Family Medicine, 17(4), 45-58 ]
陳淑娟、楊星瑜、許淑敏(2007)．協助一位中風病人的主要照顧者學習居家管路照護的經驗．長期照護雜誌，11 (1)，88-100。
[Chen, S. C., Yang, S. Y. & Hsu, S. M. (2007). The Experience of Assisting a Primary Caregiver to Care the Stroke Patient. The Journal of Long term care, 11(1), 88-100 ]
陳家慶、林春香、陳俐君、魏于鈞、蕭蓉、林南岳、梁忠詔(2010）．復健運動對於改善社區骨關節炎及中風老人身體功能之成效：前驅研究．臺灣復健醫誌，38 (2)，97-105。
[Chen, J. C., Lin, C. H., Chen, L. C., Wei, Y. C., Hsiao, J., Lin, N. Y. & Liang, C. C. (2010). The Effects of Rehabilitation Exercises in Community-dwelling Elderly with Osteoarthritis and Stroke: A Pilot Study. Taiwan Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 38(2), 97-105 ]
陳瀅淳、徐蓉生、吳麗芬(2001)．中部地區腦中風出院患者後續照護現況之探討．長期照護，5(1)，96-107。
[Chen, Y. C., Hsu, R. S. & Wu, L. F. (2001). To investigate the current status of the follow-up care of patients discharged from the central region of stroke. The Journal of Long term care, 5(1), 96-107 ]
陳慧玲、賴明美(2003)．腦中風．基層醫療，18 (1)，10-17。
[Chen, H. L. & Lai, M. M. (2003). stroke. Primary Medical Care & Family Medicine, 18(1), 10-17 ]
黃靄雯、廖華芳、謝仔鑫、潘懿玲(2009)．國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統─兒童及青少年版及其環境因素之簡介．物理治療，34 (6)，394-409。
[Huang, A. W., Liao, H. F., Shieh, Y. H. & Pan, Y. L. (2009). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version: Introduction to Framework, Coding, and Environmental Factors. Formosan Journal of Physical Therapy, 34(6), 394-409 ]
黃畹藀、葉淑芬、陳昭元、林妍如(2010)．某長期照護機構住民藥物治療問題之評估與處置．長期照護雜誌，14 (3)，277-291。
[Huang, L. H., Yeh, S. F., Chen, E. & Lin, Blossom, Y. J. (2001). Evaluation and Treatment of Medication-related Problems in a Long Term Care Facility. The Journal of Long term care, 14(3), 277-291 ]
楊克平(2008)．人、環境、健康－自宇宙生命之「易」論人體健康之合「一」．護理雜誌，55 (6)，73-79，doi: 0.6224/JN.55.6.73。
[Yang, K. P. (2008). People, the Environment and Health: The ”Oneness”of Human Health from the Perspective of Universal Life Presented in ”Changes”. The Journal of Nursing, 55(6), 73 -79.doi: 10.6224/JN.55.6.73]
韓德生(1966)．引自南丁格爾『Notes on Nursing』的序論．1861年4月隨身攜帶版Notes on Nursing。
[Henderson, V. A. (1966). Quoted from order theory Nightingale, "Notes on Nursing" is. April 1861 portable version Notes on Nursing]
葉守正、張炳華、李詠慧、洪祥齡、劉美玉(2012)．門診中風患者之輔具需求與滿意度分析．澄清醫護管理雜誌，8 (2)，8-16。
[Yeh, S. J., Chang, B. W., Lee, Y. H., Hung, H. l. & Liu, M. Y. (2012). Demand and Satisfaction Analysis of Assistive Technology for Stroke Patients. Cheng Ching Medical Journal, 8(2), 8-16 ]
廖麗君、林昭宏、朱允慧、劉景寬(2002）．功能獨立量表訪談問卷於腦中風病人之信度檢定．物理治療，27（4），174-182。
[Liaw, L. J., Lin, J. H., Ju, Y. H. & Liu, C. K. (2002). Reliability of the Interview-Based Functional Independence Measure in Patients with Stroke. Formosan Journal of Physical Therapy, 27(4), 174-182 ]
劉秀雲(2004）．中風患者之日常活動功能、自尊程度與人際互動狀態之相關性探討．(碩士論文)．取自http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/32116241717905072742
[Liu, H. Y. (2004). Exploring Relationship among ADL Function, Self-esteem, and Personal Interaction in Stroke Patients (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/32116241717905072742]
蔡佩倫、游書寧、張業婕(2012）．中風病患之記憶缺失與日常功能的探討．台灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌，8（2），90－100。
[Tsai, P. L., Yu, S. N. & Chang, Y. C. (2012). Memory Deficits and Daily Function in Stroke. Journal of Taiwan Occupational Therapy Research and Practice, 8(2), 90-100 ]
鄭彩君、王思涵、江心瑜、施以諾、歐育志、周佳燁(2012)．中風病人與照護者於健康相關生活品質評量之一致性．台灣醫學，16（3），230-235。
[Cheng, T. C., Wang, S. H., Chiang, H. Y., Shih, Y. N., Ou, Y. C. & Chou, C. Y. (2012). Consistency of the Stroke-specific Health-related Quality of Life between Self-reports and Proxy Assessments. Formosan Journal of Medicine, 16(3), 230-235 ]
蕭淑貞、金繼春、劉芹芳(2007)．腦中風病患之日常活動自我效能及其相關因素．實證護理，3 (1)，45-53，DOI：10.6225/JEBN.3.1.45。
[Hsiao, S. C., Chih, C. C. & Liu, C. F. (2007). Self-Efficacy in Activities of Daily Living and Related Factors in Patients with Stroke. Journal of Evidence-Based Nursing, 3(1), 45-53, doi：10.6225/JEBN.3.1.45 ]
賴佩宜(2008)．發展臺灣腦中風「國際健康功能與身心障礙分類」之核心分類碼：以門診病患為對象(碩士論文)．取自http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/17497363355701158588
[Lai, P. Y. (2008). Development of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health(ICF) core sets for patients with stroke of outpatient department in Taiwan (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/17497363355701158588]
薄井坦子、錢淑君(2012)．南丁格爾的護理方法論－灌注三層關心．志為護理-慈濟護理雜誌，11 (1)，52-59。
[Hiroko, Usui & Chien, S. C. (2012). The Nursing Methodology Inherited from Florence Nightingale-A Threefold Interest. Tzu Chi Nursing Journal, 11(1), 52-59 ]
魏大森、高安德(1995)．腦中風病人社區復健模式之建立與其效用之評估(計畫編號:DOH84-TD-078)．行政院衛生福利部科技研計劃報告書。
[Wei, T. S. & Kao, A. D. (1995). Assessment of stroke patients to establish patterns of community rehabilitation of its effectiveness. (Project report Science and Technology Institute of Plan No. DOH84-TD-078). Taipei, Taiwan : Executive Yuan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare ]
鐘婉(2012)．中風患者身體活動量與日常功能之關係(碩士論文)．取自http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/62484687090080392629
[Chung, W. T. (2012). Physical Activity Assessment and the Relationship to
Daily Functioning in Patients with Stroke (Master’s thesis). Retrieved
from http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/62484687090080392629]
英文部份:
Alford, V. M., Remedios, L. J., Webb, G. R., & Ewen, S. (2013). The use of the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) in indigenous healthcare: a systematic literature review. Int J Equity Health, 12, 32. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-12-32
American Heart Association Heart disease and stroks statistics-2005 update,(2004),AHA,Dallas.Available at:
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1982.Accessed August 31,2005.
Andersen, H. E., Schultz-Larsen, K., Kreiner, S., Forchhammer, B. H., Eriksen, K., & Brown, A. (2000). Can readmission after stroke be prevented? Results of a randomized clinical study: a postdischarge follow-up service for stroke survivors. Stroke, 31(5), 1038-1045.
Aringer, M., Stamm, T. A., Pisetsky, D. S., Yarboro, C. H., Cieza, A., Smolen, J. S., & Stucki, G. (2006). ICF core sets: how to specify impairment and function in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 15(4), 248-253.
Barker, D. J., Reid, D., & Cott, C. (2006). The experience of senior stroke survivors: factors in community participation among wheelchair users. Can J Occup Ther, 73(1), 18-25.
Bornman, J. (2004). The World Health Organisation''s terminology and classification: application to severe disability. Disabil Rehabil, 26(3), 182-188. doi: 10.1080/09595230020029365
Bowling, A. (1995). What things are important in people''s lives? A survey of the public''s judgements to inform scales of health related quality of life. Soc Sci Med, 41(10), 1447-1462.
Braun, S. M., Beurskens, A. J., van Kroonenburgh, S. M., Demarteau, J., Schols, J. M., & Wade, D. T. (2007). Effects of mental practice embedded in daily therapy compared to therapy as usual in adult stroke patients in Dutch nursing homes: design of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Neurol, 7, 34. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-7-34
Buchman, A. S., Boyle, P. A., Wilson, R. S., James, B. D., Leurgans, S. E., Arnold, S. E., & Bennett, D. A. (2010). Loneliness and the rate of motor decline in old age: the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a community-based cohort study. BMC Geriatr, 10, 77. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-10-77
Bette, R. Bonder, &Vanina, Dal. Bello-Haas.(2009). Functional Performance in Older Adults：F. A. Davis Comparty：America.
Cerniauskaite, M., Quintas, R., Boldt, C., Raggi, A., Cieza, A., Bickenbach, J. E., & Leonardi, M. (2011). Systematic literature review on ICF from 2001 to 2009: its use, implementation and operationalisation. Disabil Rehabil, 33(4), 281-309. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2010.529235
Chang, K. H., Lai, C. H., Chen, S. C., Tang, I. N., Hsiao, W. T., Liou, T. H., & Lee, C. M. (2011). Femoral neck bone mineral density in ambulatory men with poliomyelitis. Osteoporos Int, 22(1), 195-200. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1198-1
Chen, T. Y., Su, W. C., & Tsao, C. J. (2003). Incidence of thrombophilia detected in southern Taiwanese patients with venous thrombosis. Ann Hematol, 82(2), 114-117. doi: 10.1007/s00277-002-0603-z
Cieza, A., Geyh, S., Chatterji, S., Kostanjsek, N., Ustun, B., & Stucki, G. (2005). "ICF linking rules: an update based on lessons learned." J Rehabil Med, 37(4),212-218.
Cole B, Finch E, Gowland C, Mayo N.(1994).Physical Rehabilitation Outcome Measures. Toronto, Ontario, Canada : Canadian Physiotherapy Association-Publishing Supply and Services Canada.
Davies, P. M. (2000). Problems That Cannot Be Seen Directly. new york: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Daviet, J. C., Verdie-Kessler, C., Stuit, A., Popielarz, S., Sinzakaraye, A., Munoz, M.,Dudognon, P. (2006). [Early prediction of functional outcome one year after initial unilateral hemispheric stroke]. Ann Readapt Med Phys, 49(2), 49-56. doi: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2005.10.005
DeGuzman, P. B., & Kulbok, P. A. (2012). Changing health outcomes of vulnerable populations through nursing''s influence on neighborhood built environment: a framework for nursing research. J Nurs Scholarsh, 44(4), 341-348. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2012.01470.x
E., M. (1991). The use of ADL indices by occupational therapists. . Br J Occup Ther. , 54, 383-385.
Eun Young Jeon, Yeon Hee Choi. (2010). Factors Affecting the Health-related Quality of Life According to Age in Vulnerable Aged Men. J Korean Acad Nurs,40(3),400-410
Feigenson, J. S., McDowell, F. H., Meese, P., McCarthy, M. L., & Greenberg, S. D. (1977). Factors influencing outcome and length of stay in a stroke rehabilitation unit. Part 1. Analysis of 248 unscreened patients--medical and functional prognostic indicators. Stroke, 8(6), 651-656.
Finger, M. E., Cieza, A., Stoll, J., Stucki, G., & Huber, E. O. (2006). Identification of intervention categories for physical therapy, based on the international classification of functioning, disability and health: a Delphi exercise. Phys Ther, 86(9), 1203-1220. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20050134
Feigin, V. L., Forouzanfar, M. H., Krishnamurthi, R., Mensah, G. A., Connor, M., Bennett, D. A.,the, G. B. D. S. E. G. (2014). Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet, 383(9913), 245-254.
Galski, T., Bruno, R. L., Zorowitz, R., & Walker, J. (1993). Predicting length of stay, functional outcome, and aftercare in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. The dominant role of higher-order cognition. Stroke, 24(12), 1794-1800.
Geyh, S., Cieza, A., Schouten, J., Dickson, H., Frommelt, P., Omar, Z.,Stucki, G. (2004). ICF Core Sets for stroke. J Rehabil Med(44 Suppl), 135-141. doi: 10.1080/16501960410016776
Godwin, K. M., Ostwald, S. K., Cron, S. G., & Wasserman, J. (2013). Long-term health-related quality of life of stroke survivors and their spousal caregivers. J Neurosci Nurs, 45(3), 147-154. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0b013e31828a410b
Granger, C. V., Hamilton, B. B., & Gresham, G. E. (1988). The stroke rehabilitation outcome study--Part I: General description. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 69(7), 506-509.
Gray, D. B., & Hendershot, G. E. (2000). The ICIDH-2: developments for a new era of outcomes research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 81(12 Suppl 2), S10-14.
Gupta, V., & Lipsitz, L. A. (2007). Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med, 120(10), 841-847. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.02.023
Halbertsma, J., Heerkens, Y. F., Hirs, W. M., de Kleijn-de Vrankrijker, M. W., Dorine Van Ravensberg, C. D., & Napel, H. T. (2000). Towards a new ICIDH. International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps. Disabil Rehabil, 22(3), 144-156.
Harvey, R. L., Roth, E. J., Heinemann, A. W., Lovell, L. L., McGuire, J. R., & Diaz, S. (1998). Stroke rehabilitation: clinical predictors of resource utilization. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 79(11), 1349-1355.
Heinen, M. M., van Achterberg, T., Roodbol, G., & Frederiks, C. M. (2005). Applying ICF in nursing practice: classifying elements of nursing diagnoses. Int Nurs Rev, 52(4), 304-312. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2005.00433.x
Hollander, M., Koudstaal, P. J., Bots, M. L., Grobbee, D. E., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. (2003). Incidence, risk, and case fatality of first ever stroke in the elderly population. The Rotterdam Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 74(3), 317-321.
Hutt, E., Ecord, M., Eilertsen, T. B., Frederickson, E., & Kramer, A. M. (2002). Precipitants of emergency room visits and acute hospitalization in short-stay medicare nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc, 50(2), 223-229.
ICF checklist. Available at: http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/site/checklist
117/icf-checklist.pdf. Accessed 2007.11.21.
Ivey, F. M., Hafer-Macko, C. E., & Macko, R. F. (2008). Exercise training for cardiometabolic adaptation after stroke. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev, 28(1), 2-11. doi: 10.1097/01.HCR.0000311501.57022.a8
Jeon, E. Y., & Choi, Y. H. (2010). [Factors affecting the health-related quality of life according to age in vulnerable aged men]. J Korean Acad Nurs, 40(3), 400-410. doi: 10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.400
Jones, A. L., Charlesworth, J. F., & Hendra, T. J. (2000). Patient mood and carer strain during stroke rehabilitation in the community following early hospital discharge. Disabil Rehabil, 22(11), 490-494.
Kane, R. A. (2001). Long-term care and a good quality of life: bringing them closer together. Gerontologist, 41(3), 293-304.
Kearney, P. M., & Pryor, J. (2004). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and nursing. J Adv Nurs, 46(2), 162-170. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2003.02976.x
Lau, W. Y., Shyu, Y. I., Lin, L. C., & Yang, P. S. (2008). Institutionalized elders with dementia: collaboration between family caregivers and nursing home staff in Taiwan. J Clin Nurs, 17(4), 482-490. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01955.x
Law, M. (2002). Participation in the occupations of everyday life. Am J Occup Ther, 56(6), 640-649.
Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist, 9(3), 179-186.
Mahoney, F. I., & Barthel, D. W. (1965). Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index. Md State Med J, 14, 61-65.
Mamun, K., Lien, C. T., Goh-Tan, C. Y., & Ang, W. S. (2004). Polypharmacy and inappropriate medication use in Singapore nursing homes. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 33(1), 49-52.
Marigold, D. S., Eng, J. J., Dawson, A. S., Inglis, J. T., Harris, J. E., & Gylfadottir, S. (2005). Exercise leads to faster postural reflexes, improved balance and mobility, and fewer falls in older persons with chronic stroke. J Am Geriatr Soc, 53(3), 416-423. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53158.x
Matteson, M.A, McConnell, E. S., & Linton, A.D.(1997).Gerontological nursing: Concepts and practice (2nd ED.). Philadephia: W.B. Saunders.
Maulden, S. A., Gassaway, J., Horn, S. D., Smout, R. J., & DeJong, G. (2005). Timing of initiation of rehabilitation after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 86(12 Suppl 2), S34-S40. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.08.119
Morikawa, Y., Nakagawa, H., Naruse, Y., Nishijo, M., Miura, K., Tabata, M.,Hayashi, K. (2000). Trends in stroke incidence and acute case fatality in a Japanese rural area : the Oyabe study. Stroke, 31(7), 1583-1587.
Murray, C. J., & Lopez, A. D. (1997). Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet, 349(9064), 1498-1504. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07492-2
Nicholson, S., Sniehotta, F. F., van Wijck, F., Greig, C. A., Johnston, M., McMurdo, M. E., Mead, G. E. (2013). A systematic review of perceived barriers and motivators to physical activity after stroke. Int J Stroke, 8(5), 357-364. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00880.x
Nourhashemi, F., Andrieu, S., Gillette-Guyonnet, S., Vellas, B., Albarede, J. L., & Grandjean, H. (2001). Instrumental activities of daily living as a potential marker of frailty: a study of 7364 community-dwelling elderly women (the EPIDOS study). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 56(7), M448-453.
Rauch, A., Cieza, A., & Stucki, G. (2008). How to apply the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for rehabilitation management in clinical practice. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 44(3), 329-342.
Rimmer, J. H. (2006). Use of the ICF in identifying factors that impact participation in physical activity/rehabilitation among people with disabilities. Disabil Rehabil, 28(17), 1087-1095. doi: 10.1080/09638280500493860
Rochette, A., Desrosiers, J., & Noreau, L. (2001). Association between personal and environmental factors and the occurrence of handicap situations following a stroke. Disabil Rehabil, 23(13), 559-569.
Sangha, H., Lipson, D., Foley, N., Salter, K., Bhogal, S., Pohani, G., & Teasell, R. W. (2005). A comparison of the Barthel Index and the Functional Independence Measure as outcome measures in stroke rehabilitation: patterns of disability scale usage in clinical trials. Int J Rehabil Res, 28(2), 135-139.
Schneidert, M., Hurst, R., Miller, J., & Ustun, B. (2003). The role of environment in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Disabil Rehabil, 25(11-12), 588-595. doi: 10.1080/0963828031000137090
Shinar, D., Gross, C. R., Bronstein, K. S., Licata-Gehr, E. E., Eden, D. T., Cabrera, A. R.,Kunitz, S. C. (1987). Reliability of the activities of daily living scale and its use in telephone interview. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 68(10), 723-728.
Soberg, H. L., Sandvik, L., & Ostensjo, S. (2008). Reliability and applicability of the ICF in coding problems, resources and goals of persons with multiple injuries. Disabil Rehabil, 30(2), 98-106. doi: 10.1080/09638280701216862
Starrost, K., Geyh, S., Trautwein, A., Grunow, J., Ceballos-Baumann, A., Prosiegel, M.,Cieza, A. (2008). Interrater reliability of the extended ICF core set for stroke applied by physical therapists. Phys Ther, 88(7), 841-851. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20070211
Stineman, M. G., Maislin, G., Fiedler, R. C., & Granger, C. V. (1997). A prediction model for functional recovery in stroke. Stroke, 28(3), 550-556.
Stucki, G., Ewert, T., & Cieza, A. (2003). Value and application of the ICF in rehabilitation medicine. Disabil Rehabil, 25(11-12), 628-634. doi: 10.1080/09638280110070221
Susan B. O''Sullivan, T. J. S. (2006). Physical Rehabilitation (O''Sullivan, Physical Rehabilitation) (5th ed.).
Thompson, W. W., Zack, M. M., Krahn, G. L., Andresen, E. M., & Barile, J. P. (2012). Health-related quality of life among older adults with and without functional limitations. Am J Public Health, 102(3), 496-502. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300500
Tur, B. S., Gursel, Y. K., Yavuzer, G., Kucukdeveci, A., & Arasil, T. (2003). Rehabilitation outcome of Turkish stroke patients: in a team approach setting. Int J Rehabil Res, 26(4), 271-277. doi: 10.1097/01.mrr.0000102079.84366.32
Ustun, B., Chatterji, S., & Kostanjsek, N. (2004). Comments from WHO for the Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine Special Supplement on ICF Core Sets. J Rehabil Med(44 Suppl), 7-8. doi: 10.1080/16501960410015344
van Almenkerk, S., Depla, M. F., Smalbrugge, M., Eefsting, J. A., & Hertogh, C. M. (2012). Institutionalized stroke patients: status of functioning of an under researched population. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 13(7), 634-639. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2012.05.008
Vanessa M Alford , Louisa J Remedios , Gillian R Webb and Shaun Ewen. (2013). The use of the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) in indigenous healthcare: A systematic literature review, International Journal for Equity in Health,12(32).
Whyte, E. M., & Mulsant, B. H. (2002). Post stroke depression: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and biological treatment. Biol Psychiatry, 52(3), 253-264.
Wozniak, M. A., & Kittner, S. J. (2002). Return to work after ischemic stroke: a methodological review. Neuroepidemiology, 21(4), 159-166. doi: 59516
World Health Organization.(2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF. Geneva:World Health Organization;NLM classification:W15.
World Health Organization. (2010). Intemational classification of functioning, disability and health. ICF full version. Geneva: WHO.
http://www.intlclassifications/icflsite/