臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

計算機圖學的一個主要醫學應用為提供手術模擬。人體最大的關節:膝關節之手術在所有關節中比重最高，術式種類也多。膝關節手術有兩類，第一類需打開膝蓋，主要對構成膝關節骨頭:股骨、脛骨及髕骨進行手術，另一類為關節鏡手術僅在膝關節打開細微傷口讓一個關節鏡進入觀察關節面組織，並同時由另一細微傷口讓手術工具進入觀察關節修補或置換韌帶、修補或切刮除半月板、刮平骨頭表面軟骨以緩和退化性關節炎等。本計畫提出膝關節組織: 骨頭、韌帶、半月板及關節面骨頭表面軟骨的邊界及其內病變特徵辨識的方法，並開發打開膝蓋及關節鏡手術等各項膝關節手術術式之模擬方法。所開發之膝關節容積形狀特徵辨識及手術模擬方法與試作系統對膝關節手術之手術計畫擬定、驗證、手術練習與教學有很大幫助。

A major medical application of computer graphics is surgical simulation. The body''s largest joint: knee involves surgery of the highest proportion in all joints, also many types of surgical procedures. Knee surgery has two categories. The first needs to open the knee to operate mainly the main constituent of the knee bones: the femur, tibia and patella. The other is arthroscopic surgery in which the knee arthroscopy makes a slight wound to insert the arthroscopy into the knee. Meanwhile, another surgical tool such as a bur or a knife makes another slight wound and inserted into the knee for repairing, replacing or cutting articular ligaments, meniscus or bone cartilage.
This thesis proposes a method and prototype system for meniscectomy simulations in which ligament, meniscus, articular and bone surface of from MRI slices can be semi-automatically bordered to form a volume data set. Then, the meniscus can be deleted based on manipulating the volume data. The meniscus simulations help surgical plan, validation, surgical practice and teaching.

摘 要 I
Abstract II
致 謝 III
目 錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
第一章導論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究目的 1
1.3論文架構 1
第二章 VCAT使用介紹 2
第三章 力回饋器裝置(PHANTOME)相關介紹 7
3.1力回饋器Phantom Desktop硬體簡介 7
3.2系統環境 9
3.3系統分析 9
3.4系統基礎類別 10
第四章 容積素的extension 13
4.1容積素結構和容積初始化 13
第五章 三角片及法線計算 16
5.1 Marching Cubes演算法 16
5.2 Cubes的Case判斷方法 17
5.3 Cube的樣點位置定義 18
5.4 同質面與法線關係 20
5.5 Iso-Surface形狀分類 21
第六章 同質面即時重建流程及Cube資料結構 30
6.1 Cube資料結構 30
6.2Cube的操作 31
6.3 容積即時顯示 35
6.3.1 視窗更新 35
6.3.2 容積顯像及樣點顏色設定 35
6.4程式即時顯像流程 37
第七章 切削的容積素操作 38
7.1容積座標系統及Phantom座標系統轉換 41
7.2 刀具碰觸到容積之判斷 42
7.3 以刀具為基準的轉換矩陣求法 44
7.4 Tool Extent計算與Voxel操作模擬切削 45
第八章 手術模擬實例 51
第九章結論與未來展望 53
英文參考文獻 54
中文參考文獻 54

英文參考文獻
[Heng 04] Pheng-Ann Heng, Chun-Yiu Cheng, Tien-Tsin Wong, Yangsheng Xu Yim-Pan Chui, Kai-Ming Chan and Shiu-Kit Tso , “ A virtual-reality training system for knee arthroscopic surgery”, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, Vol.8(2), pp.217-227, 2004.

[Lee 14] SooChahn Lee, Sang Hyun Park, Hackjoon Shim, Il Dong Yun and Sang UK Lee,“Optimization of local shape and appearance probabilities for segmentation of knee cartilage in 3-D MR images”, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol.115/12, pp.1710-1720, 2011.

[Tsai 05] Ming-Dar Tsai and Ming-Shium Hsieh, “Volume Manipulations for Simulating Bone and Joint Surgery”, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, Vol.9/1, pp.139-149, 2005.

[Woo 06] Savio L.-Y. Woo, Steven D. Abramowitch, Robert Kilger and Rui Liang, “Biomechanics of knee ligaments: injury, healing, and repair” , Journal of Biomechanics, vol.39/1, pp.1-20, 2006.

中文參考文獻
[蕭05] 蕭博文 Realization of Haptic Device under Volume Representation，
中原大學資訊工程學系碩士論文，2005

[翁01] 翁健欽 The approach to restrict different object’s surface in the same tissue type in volume，中原大學資訊工程學系碩士論文，2001

[張06] 張家峻 Drilling and Sawing Bone Operation Surgical Procedure
Simulation with Haptic Device，中原大學資訊工程學系碩士論文，2006