臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究採用CM247LC鎳基超合金作為材料基底在添加不同比例的鋁元素(0.5wt.%、1wt.%、1.5wt.%、2wt.%)在真空感應熔煉爐(VIM) 中熔煉出CM247LC鎳基超合金添加鋁元素的鑄錠，經線切割後再利用單方向凝固鑄造(DS)，使試棒呈現單方向晶，再進行三階段熱處理，熱處理條件為第一階段固溶熱處理條件為1260℃/2hr/Ac，第二階段為一次時效條件為1050℃/4hr/Ac，第三階段為二次時效條件為800℃/20hr/Ac，上述三階段升溫速度皆為7℃/min，熱處理後試片經切割、研磨至厚度5mm，利用高溫恆溫氧化實驗模擬陸上發動機渦輪葉片在高溫工作環境下的情形，氧化後試片運用掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)進行成分分析及微觀組織觀察，從試片剖面圖來觀察，能比較出不同的高溫氧化時數與添加不同wt.% Al氧化層的差別。

In this study, we use CM247LC nickel-based superalloy as a material base in adding different proportions of elemental aluminum (0.5wt.%, 1wt.%, 1.5wt.%, 2wt.%), and use vacuum induction melting (VIM) melting the CM247LC nickel-based superalloy adding aluminum element ingot, and use directionally solidified casting (DSC) CM247LC adding Al element, and then do the three-stage heat treatment, first stage is solution haet treatment conditions for the 1260℃/2hr/Ac, the second stage an aging condition of 1050℃/4hr/Ac, the third stages of secondary aging condition of 800℃/20hr/Ac, all of the three stages of heating rate are 7℃/min, after heat treatment, specimen were made in thickness of 5mm to do isothermal oxidation experiments.
To observe the oxidation behavior of CM247LC adding Al element the microstructure and composition an analysis, we were use scanning electron microscope (SEM) and EDX to observe the microstructure, and cross-sectional view, to compare a different oxidation hours and different wt.% Al adding oxide layer difference.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 III
總目錄 IV
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 VIIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 論文架構 1
1.2 前言 2
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 鎳基超合金 5
2.1.1 鎳基超合金強化機構 5
2.1.2 CM247LC超合金材料介紹 6
2.2 真空感應熔煉 8
2.3 單方向凝固鑄造 8
2.3.1 單方向凝固鑄造製程 9
2.4 熱處理 10
2.4.1 固溶熱處理 10
2.4.2 時效熱處理 11
2.5 高溫氧化 11
2.5.1 氧化動力學 12
2.5.2 Ni-Cr-Al 合金氧化行為 13
2.5.3 內氧化 14
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 23
3.1 實驗材料 23
3.2 試片製備 23
3.2.1 真空感應熔煉鑄錠 23
3.2.2 單方向凝固鑄造試棒 23
3.2.3 DSC熱性質分析 24
3.2.4 熱處理實驗 24
3.2.5 高溫氧化試片製備 25
3.3 高溫氧化實驗 26
3.4 SEM微觀組織觀察及EDX相鑑定 26
第四章 結果與討論 38
4.1 真空感應熔煉爐鑄錠 38
4.2 單方向凝固鑄造試棒分析 38
4.2.1 巨觀結構觀察 38
4.2.2 微觀組織觀察 39
4.3 熱處理後試棒分析 39
4.3.1 SEM微觀組織觀察 39
4.3.1.1 CM247LC原料試片熱處理前後分析 40
4.3.1.2 CM247LC添加不同比例鋁元素試片熱處理前後分析 40
4.4 高溫恆溫氧化實驗 41
4.4.1 添加不同比例鋁元素之試片觀察 41
4.4.2 高溫氧化時數不同之試片觀察 42
4.4.3 EDX分析 42
第五章 結論 60
參考文獻 61

[1]http://www-fpc.stanford.edu/Durbin/wu/pictures/engine.html. (圖)
[2]W. Betteridge and S.W.K Shaw, “Temperature capability of Alloys Versus Year of Introduction”, Materials Science and Technology, 1987, pp.682-694.
[3]Elihu F. Bradley, Superalloys; A Technical Guide, ASM International, 1989.
[4]J. M. Donachie Jr. and S. J. Donachie, Superalloys: A Technical Guide 2nd edition, ASM International, New York, 2002.
[5]Blaine Geddes, Hugo Leon and Xiao Huang, Superalloys: Alloying and Performance, ASM International, 2010.
[6]何維彬，熱處理對MAR-M247鎳基超合金單方向凝固之高溫機械性質影響，義守大學材料科學與工程所論文，2013年。
[7]Chester T. Sims and William C. Hagel, The Superalloys, John Wiley & Sons, 1972.
[8]薄慧雲，常孝宗，朝春光，“Mar-M247超合金高溫脆性研究”，國防科技學術研討會論文集，八十五年，第17-24頁。
[9]C. T. Sims and W. C. Hagel, The Superalloys, Wiley, New York, 1972, p.33.
[10]http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2003/Superalloys/supersalloys
(圖)
[11]C. T. Sims, N. S. Stoloff and W. C. Hagel, Superalloy Ⅱ 1st edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1981.
[12]J. R. Davis, Heat Resistant Materials 1st edition, Materials Park: ASM International, USA, 1997.
[13]L. A. Chapman, “Application of high temperature DSC technique to nickel based superalloys”, Journal of Material Science, vol.39, 2004, pp.7229-7236.
[14]H. E Huang and C. H. Koo, “Effect of Solution-Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Fine-Grain CM247LC Superalloy”, Materials Transactions, vol.45, no.4, 2004, pp.1360-1366.
[15]K. Harris, G. L. Erickson and R. E. Schwer, Symposium on Superalloys 5th introduction, Champion, Pennsylvania, 1984, pp.221-230.
[16]K. Harris, G. L. Erickson and R. E. Schwer, AIME Annual Meeting, Dallas Texas, 1982, pp.1-31.
[17]A. Davin and M. Lamberigts, “Cobalt-based superalloys for applications in gas turbines”, Materials Science and Engineering, vol.88, 1987, pp.11-19.
[18]D.W. MacLachlan and D.M. Knowles, “Modelling and prediction of the stress rupture behavior of single crystal superalloys”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.302, Apr. 2001, pp.275-285.
[19]Mau-Sheng Chiou, Sheng-Rui Jian, An-Chou Yeh and Chen-Ming Kuo, “Effects of Aluminum Addition on the High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of CM-247LC Ni-based Superalloy”, International Journal of Electrochemical Science, vol.10, 2015, pp.5981-5993.
[20]http://www.metalup.org.tw/Uploads/ResearchPlan/2013061114332 184.pdf
[21]顧鈞豪，楊錦添，陳世偉，“VIM Casting Process and Materials Properties of Aluminum Titanium Alloys” ,行政院國科會，2002年。
[22]John H. Perepezko, “The Hotter the Engine, the Better”, Science, Apr. 2013, pp.1068-1069.
[23]C. T. Sims, A HISTORY OF SUPERALLOY METALLURGY FOR SUPERALLOY METALLURGISTS, Schenectady, New York, 1984, p.415.
[24]D. C. Madeleine, The Microstructure of Superalloys 1st edition, CRC press, USA, 1997.
[25]S. Steinbach and L. Ratke, “The Influence of Fluid Flow on the Microstructure of Directionally Solidified AlSi-Base Alloys”, vol.38, 2007, pp.1388-1394.
[26]M. Mclean, Directionally Solidified Materials for High Temperature Service, The Metals Society, London, 1983.
[27]G. K. Bouse and M. R. Behrendt, “Mechanical Properties of Microcast-X Alloy 718 Fine Grain Investmevt Castings”, Metals and Meterials Society, EA Loria, 1989, pp.319-328.
[28]刁美宏，單方向凝固 René 142 超合金高溫氧化行為之研究，義守大學材料科學與工程所論文，2014年。
[29]Denny A. Jones, Principles and Prevention of Corrosion 2nd edition, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1992.
[30]A. S. Khanna, Introduction to High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion, ASM International, 2002.
[31]白清源，鎳基超合金Haynes 230 放電表面合金化與高溫氧化性質研究，台灣大學材料科學與工程研究所，2006 年。
[32]J. Doychak, “Oxidation Behavior of High Temperature Intermetallics”, Intermetallic Compounds, vol.1, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1995, pp.977-979.
[33]S. Giggins and F.S. Pettit, “Oxidation of Ni-Cr-Al alloys Between 1000 and 1200°C”, J.Electrochem. Soc., vol.118, 1971, p.1782.
[34]陳仁宏，“鎳基超合金CMX4 等溫及熱週期之高溫氧化行為”，防蝕工程，第十二卷，第一期，1998 年，第12-18頁。
[35]P. Kofstad, High Temperature Corrosion, Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York, 1988.
[36]R. C. Reed, The Superallys Fundamentals and Applications, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
[37]Y. Shida and H. Anada, “Oxidation behavior of binary Ti-Al alloys in high temperature air environment”, Materials Transactions, JIM, vol.34, no.3, 1993, pp.236-242.
[38]R. Beye, M. Verwerft, J. T. M. De Hosson and R. Gronsk, “Oxidation subscale of γ-titanium aluminide”, Acta Materialia, vol. 44, no.10, 1996, pp.4225-4231.
[39]M. Gobel, A. Rahmel and M. Schutze, “The Isothermal-Oxidation Behavior of Several Nickel-Base Single-Crystal Superalloys With and Without Coatings”, Oxidation of Metals, vol.39, 1993, p.231.
[40]M. Gobel, A. Rahmel and M. Schutze, “The Cyclic-Oxidation Behavior of Several Nickel-Base Single-Crystal Superalloys Without and With Coatings”, Oxidation of Metals, vol.41, 1994, pp.271-300.
[41]林俊宇，René 142 單方向凝固超合金高溫氧化之研究，義守大學機械與自動化工程所論文，2010年。
[42]J. Huang, H. Fang, X. Fu, F. Huang, H. Wan, Q. Zhang, S. Deng and J. Zu, Oxidation of Metals, vol.53, 2000, pp.273-287.
[43]M.H. Li, X.F. Sun, T. Jin, H.R. Guan and Z.Q. Hu, Oxidation of Metals, vol.60, 2003, pp.195-210.