這本論文是有關約翰．彌爾頓的共和思想研究。研究所用的主要文本是「王室缺位時期」（Interregnum，1649- 1660）彌爾頓為英格蘭共和國辯護的文章、《失樂園》、《力士參孫》、《復樂園》與《基督教要義》。本文將上述彌爾頓的著作視為真實的歷史事件，意圖展現以下五點。第一，1649年以後，彌爾頓的寫作是對英格蘭共和國重要事件的批判性省思，這些事件分別是：創建英格蘭共和國的正當性、海外軍事勝利對英格蘭共和國的影響、克倫威爾接受護國公稱號並解散殘餘議會、司徒亞特王朝復辟的威脅與復辟。第二，在這些著作中，「自由」與「共和國」是核心的概念。第三，王室缺位時期，彌爾頓從1649年傾向「平民主義」（populism）轉變為1660年支持永久議會。對於彌爾頓的共和思想而言，前述的轉變其實是立場一致。第四，本文將三大史詩視為彌爾頓對共和國崩解的省思，分析三大史詩中的「自由」與「共和國」思想。第五，本文將《基督教要義》視為彌爾頓闡述其基督教神學的最重要著作，並分析彌爾頓對「自由」、「共和國」概念的理解立基於彌爾頓對《聖經》的詮釋。

This thesis is a study about John Milton’s republican thought. It focuses on Milton’s pamphlets which were written to defend the legitimacy of the Commonwealth of England during the Interregnum: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regain, Samson Agonistes and Christian Doctrine. In this thesis, I take these John Milton’s writings as historical events and intend to elaborate five points. First, Milton’s writings were critical reflection on great events of the Commonwealth of England. These events in turn were the building of the Commonwealth of England, the influences of overseas military triumph on Commonwealth of England, the fact that Oliver Cromwell accepted the title of Protectorate and that he dissolved the Rump parliament. Secondly, liberty and commonwealth were the most important values in Milton’s writings. Thirdly, Milton’s writings were consistent with his political faith during the period from 1649 to 1660. The fourth point is that Milton’s three epics were the reflection on the decline and fall of the Commonwealth of England. Finally, Christian Doctrine was Milton’s most important Christian theology. Milton’s conception of liberty and commonwealth were rested on his interpretation of the Bible in Christian Doctrine.

第一章：緒論 7
第一節 前言 7
第二節 彌爾頓生平簡介 9
第三節 研究動機 12
第四節 研究回顧 13
第五節 章節安排 24
第二章：為英格蘭共和國辯護 26
第一節 英格蘭共和國的創建 26
第二節 神律與自然法則 30
第三節 反對君權神授 33
第四節 反抗作為人民的權利 39
第三章：自由事業的波折與幻滅 43
第一節 共和主義的兩難 43
第二節 自由與命運 51
第四章：上帝的帝國 57
第一節 復辟與墮落 57
第二節 自由與必然性 63
第三節 真正的基督徒 67
第五章：自由公民與自由共和國 72
第一節 彌爾頓的「反三位一體論」與「反預選說」 73
第二節 自由意志與法律 77
第三節 家庭與自由公民的培養 81
第六章：結論 87
參考書目 92
附錄：史詩引文原文 98

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陳思賢，〈天上的戰爭與人間的戰爭：彌爾頓《失樂園》與十七世紀英國政治〉，收錄於政治科學論叢第14期，2001。

蕭高彥，《西方共和主義思想史論》，（台北：聯經），2013。

約翰．羅爾斯著，姚大志譯，《作為公平的正義：正義新論》，（台北：左岸），2002。

昆丁．史金納著，奚瑞森、亞方譯，《現代政治思想的基礎：文藝復興》，（台北：左岸），2004。

昆丁．史金納著，蕭高彥編，《政治價值的系譜》，（台北：聯經），2014。

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論文合集
Armitage, David, Armand Himy and Quentin Skinner,ed.. Milton and Republicanism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Brett, Annabel , James Tully and Holly Hamilton-Bleakley, ed.. Rethinking the Foundations of Modern Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Gelderen, Martin van and Quentin Skinner, ed.. Republicanism: a shared European heritage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Hardin, Jason, ed.. T.S. Eliot in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Loewenstein, David and Paul Stevens,ed.. Early Modern Nationalism and Milton’s England. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.

McDowell, Nicholas and Nigel Smith, ed.. The Oxford handbook of Milton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Parry, Graham and Joad Raymond, ed.. Milton and the terms of Liberty. Cambridge: D.S.Brewer Press, 2002.

Phillipson, Nicholas and Quentin Skinner, ed.. Political Discourse in Early Modern Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

期刊論文：

Armitage, David, “The Cromwellian Protectorate and the Languages of Empire”, The Historical Journal. 35: 3, 1992, 531-555.

Foxley, Rachel.“Due libertie and proportiond equalitie': Milton, democracy and the republican tradition”. Journal of History of Political Thought. 34:4, 2013, 614-.638.

Hamel, Christopher.“The Republicanism of John Milton: Natural Rights, Civic Virtue and The Dignity of Man”. Journal of History of Political Thought. 34:4, 2013, 35-63.

Skinner, Quentin. “A Third Concept of Liberty”, in Proceeding of the British Academy. 117, 2001, 237-268.