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研究生:王靖暢
研究生(外文):Jing-Chang Wang
論文名稱:銀奈米粒子輔助雷射脫附游離飛行時間質譜技術檢測環境水樣之個人藥物
論文名稱(外文):Silver nanoparticles assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis for personal care products in environmental water
指導教授:李茂榮李茂榮引用關係
指導教授(外文):Maw-Rong Lee
口試委員:傅明仁蕭鶴軒
口試委員(外文):Ming-Ren FuhHe-Hsuan Hsiao
口試日期:2016-07-07
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:化學系所
學門:自然科學學門
學類:化學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2016
畢業學年度:104
語文別:中文
論文頁數:99
中文關鍵詞:基質輔助雷射脫附游離飛行時間質譜技術銀奈米粒子新興汙染物個人照顧用藥磺胺類藥物
外文關鍵詞:Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometricsilver nanoparticlesEmerging contaminantspersonal care productssulfonamide
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近年來,新興汙染物(Emerging contaminants, ECs)逐漸受到人們的關注,尤其這些化合物在人體及環境具有潛在的影響,個人藥物也是新興汙染物。然而,大多數的新興汙染物並沒有相關的規範及限制,因此開發環境樣品快速檢測的方法是非常重要的。本實驗探討不同形狀的銀奈米粒子輔助雷射脫附游離,藉由鹽析液相液相萃取針對環境水樣中抗生素藥物之分析。銀奈米粒子藉由穿透式電子顯微鏡及紫外可見光吸收儀進行鑑定。針對銀奈米粒子形狀及濃度進行選擇的探討。鹽析液相液相萃取,針對氯化鈉濃度、萃取溶劑量、pH值及萃取時間進行最佳化。在最佳化條件下,其sulfamethazine(SMT)、sulfamerazine(SMZ)及trimethoprim(TMP)的偵測線性範圍為25至1000 ng/mL;線性相關係數(R2)皆在0.9945以上;偵測極限分別為1.28(SMT)、6.82(SMZ)及4.62(TMP) ng/mL;同日及異日間檢測,其RSD分別介於0.93至3.29 %及0.58至1.61 %之間;回收率則介於93.6至109.4之間。本研究結果,可用為環境中偵測個人藥物的參考。

Recently, emerging contaminant compounds (ECs), potential hazards in human and environment, are attentive in people. However, most ECs have not yet been associated regulations management and restriction. Hence, it is important to develop a rapid analytical method for determination of ECs in environmental samples. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) matrix and salting-out LLE sample preparation was developed for high throughput analyzing of sulfonamides in environmental water. Different shapes of AgNPs were synthesized and identified by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometer. The ionization efficiency of LDI for analyzing of trimethoprim using different AgNPs has been evaluated and compared in this study. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection was calculated to be 6.02, 4.62 and 1.28 ng/mL for sulfamethazine、sulfamerazine and trimethoprim, respectively. The proposed method is rapid and easy for determination of emerging contaminant compounds in environmental samples.

謝誌 i
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xi
第一章、緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2抗生素藥物 1
1.3藥物檢測方法 2
1.4 樣品前處理 5
1.4.1鹽析液相液相萃取(salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction, SALLE) 6
1.5磺胺劑檢測方法 7
1.6金屬奈米粒子的特別性質 9
1.6.1表面電漿共振(surface plasmon resonance, SPR) 9
1.7金屬奈米粒子製備方法 12
1.7.1光化學還原法 12
1.7.2化學還原法 14
1.7.3 保護劑之影響 15
1.7.3.1. 靜電排斥力(eletrostatic repulsion) 15
1.7.3.2.立體阻礙(steric hindrance) 15
1.7.3.3.靜電排斥力與立體阻礙 16
1.7.4晶種合成法 16
1.8 基質輔助雷射脫附游離飛行時間質譜儀(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometer) 21
1.8.1 基質輔助雷射脫附游離之發展 21
1.8.2 基質輔助雷射脫附游離之樣品製備 22
1.8.2.1樣品盤(target-plate)種類 22
1.8.2.1.1 MTP 384 target plate ground steel 22
1.8.2.1.2 MTP 384 target plate polished steel 22
1.8.2.1.3 MTP AnchorChipTM var/384 22
1.8.2.2基質特性與功能 23
1.8.2.2.1與分析物具有相同的溶解特性 23
1.8.2.2.2吸收UV雷射能量 24
1.8.2.2.3提供質子轉移使分析物游離化 24
1.8.2.2.4基質碎片位於低分子量區 24
1.8.3奈米粒子應用於LDI 26
1.8.3.1使用高分子的基質 26
1.8.3.2添加離子抑制劑 27
1.8.3.3 Matrix free 27
1.8.4基質輔助雷射脫附游離之機制 28
1.8.4.1一次離子機制 28
1.8.4.1.1激發態質子轉移(excited-state proton transfer, ESPI) 28
1.8.4.1.2多光子游離(multiphoton ionization) 29
1.8.4.2二次離子機制 29
1.8.5飛行時間質量分析器 30
1.8.5.1飛行時間質量分析器之發展 30
1.8.5.2飛行時間質量分析器之原理 30
1.8.5.2.1離子延遲導出(delayed extraction) 33
1.8.5.2.2反射型飛行時間質譜儀 33
1.8.5.3 LIFT (laser induced fragmentation technology) 34
1.9研究目的 37
第二章、研究方法 38
2.1 實驗藥品與試劑 38
2.1.1 藥品 38
2.1.2合成奈米粒子藥品 38
2.1.3 溶劑與試劑 39
2.2實驗儀器 39
2.3 標準品溶液配製 40
2.3.1 標準品儲存溶液(stock solution)之配製 40
2.3.2 10 μg/mL 及1 μg/mL之標準品溶液配製 40
2.3.3 1 μg/mL之混合標準品溶液配製 41
2.3.4水樣工作溶液之配製 41
2.3.5 10 mg/mLα-氰基-4-羥基肉桂酸(α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, CHCA) 41
2.3.6 10 mg/mL 2,5-二羥基苯甲酸(2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, DHB) 41
2.4緩衝溶液之配製 42
2.4.1 0.1 M檸檬酸水溶液 42
2.4.2 0.2 M磷酸氫二鈉水溶液 42
2.4.3 pH值為3、4、5、6、7及8緩衝溶液之配製 42
2.5銀奈米粒子合成 42
2.5.1 圓球狀銀奈米 (Ag-shapes)的製備 42
2.5.2 棒狀銀奈米 (Ag-rods)的製備 43
2.5.3三角板銀奈米 (Ag-prisms)的置配 44
2.5.4圓盤形銀奈米 (Ag-disks)的置配 44
2.6基質最佳化條件探討 44
2.6.1本實驗基質與傳統基質之比較 44
2.6.2銀奈米粒子形狀之探討 45
2.6.2銀奈米粒子稀釋倍率之探討 45
2.6.3 Laser強度之探討 45
2.7鹽析液相-液相萃取(salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction, LLE)樣品前處理最佳化條件之探討 46
2.7.1 氯化鈉添加量對萃取效率之探討 46
2.7.2乙腈添加量對萃取效率之探討 46
2.7.3萃取時間對萃取效率之探討 47
2.7.4水樣pH值對萃取效率之探討 47
2.7.5水樣方法檢量線工作溶液之配製 48
2.8穿透式電子顯微鏡樣品製備 48
2.9基質輔助雷射脫附游離飛行時間質譜儀之儀器參數 49
第三章、實驗結果與討論 51
3.1銀奈米合成藉由UV-Vis及TEM之鑑定 51
3.2基質選擇之探討 55
3.2.1基質的選擇 55
3.2.2基質背景訊號 55
3.3分析物離子訊號之探討 58
3.3.1基質的影響 58
3.3.2銀奈米形狀的影響 60
3.3.3銀奈米稀釋倍率的影響 60
3.3.4雷射強度的影響 64
3.3.5 混合樣品分析 64
3.4鹽析液相-液相萃取樣品前處理最佳化條件之探討 69
3.4.1 萃取溶液之探討 69
3.4.1氯化鈉添加量對萃取效率之探討 69
3.4.2乙腈添加量對萃取效率之探討 69
3.4.3萃取時間對萃取效率之探討 71
3.4.4水樣pH值對萃取效率之探討 71
3.5 方法評估 73
3.5.1 檢量線及偵測極限 73
3.5.2再現性的探討 73
3.5.3回收率測試 75
3.6 文獻比較 75
第四章、結論 78
參考文獻 79



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