臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

油品中如汽油、柴油、燃料油及潤滑油等物質，其特性為比重小於1，屬於輕質非水相液體（light non-aqueous phase liquids, LNAPLs），此類物質若意外洩漏至土壤後，會先滲透到不飽和層，依據污染物特性、土壤結構以及場址狀況等因素，污染物極可能擴散而污染了土壤及地下水，增加整治上的困難。
潤滑油被歸類為總石油碳氫化合物（total petroleum hydrocarbons, TPHs）的一種，大致上是以碳數約25以上且不溶於水的直鏈或支鏈之烷類所組成，通常以半固態或黏稠液態存在，密度約為0.8~1 g/cm3。潤滑油主要成份是基礎油（base oil），通常含量約70%，並添加增稠劑與潤滑添加劑等物質，組成各種不同性質的產品以供不同用途使用，市面上所流通的潤滑油成分也因而不盡相同；由於組成複雜，許多潤滑油的物化特性與環境傳輸情形尚無充分了解。因此本研究乃評估以物理土壤淋洗法與生物復育技術進行土壤污染整治，期能作為後續受油污染場址之整治方針。
淋洗試驗最佳參數（每10克土壤）：淋洗液濃度 5 % 的Tween 80、淋洗時間1 小時、清洗液與淋洗液比例為 3 mL/ mL，淋洗液與土壤比例為 3 mL/ g 時有最佳的去除率，但以每毫升Tween 80可去除的潤滑油量而言（TPH-removed / mL-Tween 80），1 mL/ g的比例具有最佳的經濟效益，即每毫升Tween 80 的單位TPH去除量較高。生物堆試驗最佳參數為使用市售商業藥劑作為營養源進行生物堆試驗較添加其他營養鹽的去除效率為佳，且添加以有機氮麩胺酸作為氮源的試驗組別去除效果比添加同為有機氮蛋白腖作為氮源的試驗組別為佳。

Petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, and lubricant, are classified as light non-aqueous phase liquids, LNAPLs, because of the low water solubility and less density（ρ）, ρ < 1. Once LNAPLs leaked into topsoil and then unsaturated aquifer, according to their properties, soil texture, field conditions, etc., they might spread in the soil and groundwater. Afterwards, that would increase the difficulty to remediate the contaminated zone.
Lubricant is a kind of total petroleum hydrocarbons, TPHs. It’s generally composed of non-water-soluble linear or branched alkanes with carbon numbers 25 or more, normally in semi-solid or viscous liquid state, and a density of about 0.8 ~ 1 g / cm3. The main ingredient of lubricant is base oil, usually about 70%. Besides, thickeners, lubricant additives and other substances would usually be added in lubricant to form various products for different purposes. Therefore, the lubricant composition varies with market circulation. Since many physical and chemical properties and the environmental transport scenarios of lubricant haven’t fully understood due to the complicated composition, this study was to assess the physical method, such as soil flushing method, and biological method, such as biopile, for remediation of contaminated soil.
The optimum parameters soil flushing test for the best removal of TPH from contaminated soil were（per 10 grams of soil）:（1）5% of Tween 80 for flushing solution,（2）flushing time of an hour,（3）the quantities of rinse solution and flushing solution in the rate of 3 mL/ mL, and（4）the quantities of flushing solution and soil in the rate of 3 mL/g. However, in terms of the amount of lubricating oil removed by solution with Tween 80 per mL （TPH-removed / mL-Tween 80）, it has the best economic benefits in the rate of 1 mL-Tween 80/g-soil. Namely, removal of TPH per mL Tween 80 is relatively high. The experiment results indicated that the addition of a commercially available agent could enhance the biodegradation of TPH in soils in comparison with other nutrients. Furthermore, addition of monosodium glutamate for nitrogen source, which is organic nitrogen nutrient, resulted in higher removal efficiencies in comparison of addition of peptone, which is also organic nitrogen nutrient.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
第一章 前言 1
一、 研究緣起 1
二、 研究目標 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
一、 總石油碳氫化合物 4
二、 受總石油碳氫化合物污染土壤的整治技術 6
(一) 物理整治法 10
(二) 化學整治法 12
(三) 生物整治法 13
三、 總石油碳氫化合物之淋洗整治技術 16
(一) 界面活性劑構造與作用原理 16
(二) 界面活性劑種類 19
(三) 界面活性劑之應用 20
(四) Tween 80特性與實場應用 21
四、 總石油碳氫化合物之生物堆整治技術 22
(一) 總石油碳氫化合物生物降解機制 23
(二) 生物堆之影響因子 26
第三章 材料與方法 28
一、 研究架構 28
二、 實驗藥品與材料 30
(一) 污染土壤 30
(二) 實驗藥品 31
三、 實驗方法 32
(一) 土壤淋洗試驗 32
(二) 生物堆法試驗 36
四、 分析方法與儀器設備 40
(一) 土壤監測 40
(二) 菌相分析 41
第四章 結果與討論 43
一、 界面活性劑淋洗試驗 43
(一) 最佳條件測試 43
(二) 批次試驗 47
二、 生物堆批次試驗 54
(一) 批次試驗結果 54
(二) 生物堆菌相分析 76
第五章 結論與建議 78
一、 結論 78
二、 建議 79
參考文獻 80
附錄 90

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