臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

工業產品為了達到特定的性能以及預測與計算出產品的精度以作為設定公差範圍的依據，需要對產品建構產品架構圖，建立公差網路，從中挑選公差累積路徑分析產品組裝公差，但挑選公差累積路徑時是依照設計者的知識、觀點與產品力流來挑選，故本論文探討公差在產品與零件之中如何累積，以及組裝模式對於公差的影響與整理出單一零件公差累積的可能路徑，藉由透過路徑分析之物理意義來定義可能之關鍵路徑，因此跟隨著上述定義來簡化多重路徑而不需各路徑一一分析。接著，利用物件導向程式設計(OOP)建構特徵與拘束，利用鄰接表來連接個物件來完成公差網路，從中選取想要觀察的特徵之間做為起點與終點，路徑搜尋時利用關鍵路徑的定義當作搜尋法則，最後將所有路徑計算其公差累積，選出各軸公差累積最大值。本文所開發的自動化公差網路的搜尋程式能夠自動挑選路徑予以計算，在本文的範例中，一條路徑的計算時間約3~10秒，相較以往文獻需由人工判斷，大幅改善公差累積路徑搜尋與計算的時間，提供公差設計之利器。

Tolerance design and analysis is important to achieve the performance of a product. Tolerance analysis, however, has to build the product hierarchy, tolerance network and critical path in order to calculate tolerance stack-up. This process is tedious and time-consuming that often results in mistakes in the process. In particular, the determination of critical path is based on the designer’s knowledge, experience and the force flow in the product thus makes it even worse for an engineer to pick up the critical path in tolerance design. This research is aimed to develop a software helping the designer to select possible paths from the tolerance network thus reduces the complexity of this tedious process.
We start with discussing tolerance accumulation along a path, a chain in the tolerance network, and how assembly model affects the accumulated error. A software based on traversal among the network with representation of the network is then developed using the object-oriented programming (OOP) design. The developed software is applied to path finding in the tolerance analysis of a hydrostatic bearing as an example. The results showed that the path finding and computation of tolerance stack-up along a path is between 3 to 10 seconds, which highly reduced the computation time and mistakes compared with traditional manual operations.

目錄
致 謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
表目錄 viii
符號表 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目標 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.3研究方法與步驟 4
1.4本文架構 4
第二章 公差網路與公差誤差模型 5
2.1 公差表示法與公差網路 5
2.2 公差數學模型 11
第三章 關鍵公差累積路徑探討 16
3.1 硬組裝與軟組裝對公差累積之影響 16
3.2 單一零件加工公差之累積路徑 18
3.3 產品零件組裝公差之累積路徑 23
第四章 公差網路之關鍵路徑搜尋程式發展 25
4.1 路徑搜尋程式之流程 25
4.2 零件特徵與拘束建構 26
4.3 路徑的搜尋方法 27
4.4 零件組裝與公差網路 29
4.5 產品公差網路應用 32
第五章 結論與未來展望 40
5.1 結論 40
5.2未來展望 40
參考文獻 42
附錄一 主程式與副程式架構 44
附錄二 前軸承到後軸承X、Y、Z軸組裝最惡公差累積 45

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