臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

懷舊治療是一種心理介入的輔助療法，用以促進老人的心理健康，其效益包括減緩憂鬱、維持或提高自尊及生活滿意度。過往國內外相關研究多以視覺及聽覺作為懷舊治療的引導方式。然而，嗅覺相較於其他感官而言，更容易與記憶相連結，但卻較少被進一步探究。因此，本研究將以量化與質化兼具之混合研究設計，探討懷舊味道敘述對長照機構老人生心理反應之影響。本研究將60位受測者隨機分配至實驗組及對照組，分別進行懷舊味道及日常話題之訪談。在量化部分，以情境焦慮量表(STAI-S)與簡式老人憂鬱量表(GDS-SF)進行心理效益評估，並使用生理回饋儀測量心跳變異率(HRV)與膚電反應(GSR)進行生理效益評估；在質化部分，將訪談內容以內容分析法進行分析。經量化與質化之研究結果發現，實驗組較對照組在焦慮及憂鬱症狀減緩上有更好的效果。此外在心跳變異率中，實驗組能使交感神經活性(LF%)下降，且交感神經調控(LF/HF)亦較對照組能更快趨於穩定，而副交感神經活性(HF%)及膚電反應(GSR)則皆未達顯著差異。從研究結果可得知，以嗅覺作為引導方式進行懷舊治療能夠促進老人的生心理健康。本研究建議後續研究能比較不同懷舊治療的引導方式(如視覺、聽覺、嗅覺)，對老人生心理反應影響之差異。

Reminiscence therapy is a psychological intervention specifically designed to promote mental health, reduce depression, and maintain or improve self-esteem and life satisfaction for elderly. Past studies focused more on visual and auditory elements of intervention. However, in comparison with other senses, the relationship between olfactory and memory is more closely, but the issue was rarely studied further. Therefore, this study planned to explore reminiscence flavor on psycho-physiological effects for elderly in long-term care facilities by mixing both quantitative and qualitative research and data. The study employed a two-group pre-post test design with random allocation to narrative reminiscence flavor or a general conversation control condition, and a total of 60 elderly people were interviewed. In quantitative research section, Biofeedback system was used to measure the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) changes during the interview. Psychological state was measured by using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF). In qualitative research section, interviews were analyzed with Content analysis. Analysis of quantitative and qualitative data revealed that narrative reminiscence flavor led to effective reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression in contrast with the control group. Furthermore, LF% of the intervention group significantly decreased and LF / HF tended to stabilize faster than the control group in HRV. However, there was no significant difference in HF% and GSR between two groups. Intervention of olfactory reminiscence can promote psycho-physiological health for elderly and has to be developed further. The suggestion about further studies was to compare the different influences of olfactory, visual, and auditory reminiscence.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第三節 名詞釋義 2
第四節 研究限制 3
第五節 研究流程 4
第二章 文獻回顧 6
第一節 老人之生心理健康問題 6
第二節 懷舊治療 8
第三節 嗅覺與記憶 13
第四節 生心理效益評估 17
第三章 研究方法 23
第一節 研究架構與假設 23
第二節 研究對象與場域 24
第三節 研究工具 25
第四節 實驗流程設計 26
第五節 資料分析 28
第四章 研究結果與討論 31
第一節 受測者資料分析 31
第二節 懷舊味道敘述之生心理效益分析 34
第三節 日常話題敘述之生心理效益分析 35
第四節 不同敘述類型之生心理效益分析 36
第五節 懷舊味道敘述之訪談內容分析 37
第六節 日常話題敘述之訪談內容分析 43
第七節 結果討論 48
第五章 結論與建議 52
第一節 結論 52
第二節 建議 54
參考文獻 56
附錄一 正式問卷 66
附錄二 研究同意書 69

一、中文部分
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二、英文部分
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Walker, C. A., Curry, L. C., & Hogstel, M. O. (2007). Relocation stress syndrome in older adults transitioning from home to a long-term care facility: Myth or reality? Journal of Psychosocial Nursing Mental Health Service, 45(1), 38-45.
Willemse, B. M., Depla, M. F. I. A., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2009). A creative reminiscence program for older adults with severe mental disorders: Results of a pilot evaluation. Aging & Mental Health, 13(5), 736-743.
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(三)Electronic Resources
Beyondblue. (2014). Australian Chinese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-15. Retrieved April 21, 2016, from https://www.beyondblue.org.au/.
Greenberg, S. A. (2012). The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). In Try This: Best Practices in Nursing Care to Older Adults, issue 4. Retrieved from https://consultgeri.org/try-this/general-assessment/issue-4.pdf.
Mind Media. (2016). Nexus-10 MKII. Retrieved April 21, 2016, from http://www.mindmedia.info/CMS2014/.
National Institutes of Health. (2016). Anxiety Disorders. Retrieved May 1, 2016, from http://goo.gl/ODwDwc.
World Health Organization. (2016). Health topic: Depression. Retrieved May 1, 2016, from http://www.who.int/topics/depression/en/.