臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討施用不同氮肥和芽孢桿菌屬後對百慕達草生長之影響，芽孢桿菌屬包含蕈狀芽孢桿菌(Bacillus. mycoides, BM)、枯草芽孢桿菌(B. subtilis, BS)以及液化澱粉芽孢桿菌(B. amyloliquefaciens, BA)，氮肥包含水溶性速效肥料(硝酸鈣、硫酸銨與尿素)，以及緩效型的有機質肥料，並比較不同的接種方式，直接澆灌菌液以及配製成微生物混拌介質(Bio-Mix)施用，調查百慕達草生長量並分析植體營養元素以了解芽孢桿菌屬對氮肥吸收的效益。
‘亞利桑納’百慕達草接種菌液並施肥後，BM可以促進植體氮、磷含量提高，降低鐵、銅含量，BS可以提高乾鮮比、植體氮及鐵含量，減少鎂、錳及銅含量，BA提高鮮重、含水率、綠覆蓋率、植體磷、鋅含量，降低鉀、鎂、鈣、鐵、錳及銅含量。硝酸鈣可以提高含水率、綠覆蓋率、植體氮、鈣及鐵含量，硫酸銨可以促進乾重、乾鮮比、綠覆蓋率、植體氮、錳及鋅含量提高，尿素可以增加植體磷、鉀及銅含量。
‘亞利桑納’百慕達草接種Bio-Mix並施肥後，BM提高乾鮮比、植體氮、磷、鎂及錳含量，降低含水率及植體鐵含量，BS提高綠覆蓋率和植體鐵、錳含量，降低植體鉀、鈣含量，BA提高植體磷、鐵及錳含量，降低植體銅含量。硝酸鈣促進乾鮮比、植體氮、鈣含量提高，降低含水率和植體鐵、錳含量，硫酸銨提高鮮重、乾重及植體錳含量，降低植體鉀、鈣含量，尿素提高綠覆蓋率及植體鉀、鐵含量，降低鈣、錳含量。
普通百慕達草接種菌液並施肥後，BM促進乾重、含水率、植體鎂、鈣、銅含量提高，降低乾鮮比及植體鉀、鐵含量，BS提高植體鉀、鎂、鈣及錳含量，降低乾重、植體磷、鐵、鋅及銅含量。硝酸鈣促進鮮重、植體鉀、鎂、鈣及銅含量提高，硫酸銨減少鉀、鎂、鈣及銅含量，尿素提高植體鎂、鈣含量。
‘Dwarf’百慕達草接種菌液並施肥後，BM可以提高鮮重、乾重、土壤pH、植體磷、鉀及鋅含量，降低綠覆蓋率、植體氮、鎂、鈣、鐵、錳、銅及葉片澱粉含量。尿素處理後葉綠素含量增加，植體微量元素減少，施用有機質肥料後土壤EC、植體營養元素及葉片游離胺基酸含量提高，降低葉片全可溶性糖及澱粉含量。

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizers and Bacillus spp. applied as PGPR(plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) on the growth of bermudagrass. Bacillus spp. included B. mycoides (BM), B. subtilis (BS), and B. amyloliquefaciens (BA). Nitrogen fertilizers included three water-soluble fertilizers (calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and urea) and one slow-release organic fertilizer were applied. In order to compare the differences between inoculation methods, cell suspensions drench and Bio-Mix with cell suspensions were applied on bermudagrass. Plant growth and tissue analysis were investigated to find out correlation between Bacillus spp. and nitrogen absorption in bermudagrass.
After PGPR inoculation by cell suspensions drench, BM promoted N and P contents in ‘Arizona’ bermudagrass, but reduced Fe and Cu contents in plants. BS increased dry weight/fresh weight ratio, N, and Fe contents, but decreased Mg, Mn, and Cu contents in plants. BA increased fresh weight, water content, green coverage rate, P, and Zn contents, but decreased K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Cu contents in plants. Ca(NO3)2 application promoted water content, green coverage rate, N, Ca, and Fe contents in plants. (NH4)2SO4 treatment increased dry weight, dry weight/fresh weight ratio, green coverage rate, N, Mn, and Zn contents in plants. Urea application increase P, K, and Cu contents in plants.
After PGPR inoculation by Bio-Mix, BM increased dry weight/fresh weight ratio, N, P, Mg, and Mn contens in ‘Arizona’ bermudagrass, but decreased water content and Fe content on plants. BS increased green coverage rate, Fe, and Mn contents but decreased K and Ca contents in plants. BA promoted P, Fe, and Mn contents, but reduced Cu content in plants. Ca(NO3)2 application promoted dry weight/fresh weight ratio, N, and Ca contents, but decreased water content, Fe, and Mn contents in plants. (NH4)2SO4 treatment increased fresh weight, dry weight, and Mn content, but reduced K and Ca contents in plants. Urea application increased green coverage rate, K, and Fe contents, but decreased Ca and Mn contents in plants.
BM inoculation promoted dry weight, water content, Mg, Ca, and Cu contents in common bermudagrass, but reduced dry weight/fresh weight ratio, K, and Fe contents in plants. BS inoculation increased K, Mg, Ca, and Mn contents, but decreased dry weight, P, Fe, Zn, and Cu contents in plants. Ca(NO3)2 application promoted fresh weight, K, Mg, Ca, and Cu contents in plants. (NH4)2SO4 treatment decreased K, Mg, Ca, and Cu contents in plants. Urea application increased Mg and Ca contents in plants.
BM inoculation also promoted fresh weight, dry weight, soil pH, P, K, and Zn contents in ‘Dwarf’ bermudagrass, but reduced green coverage rate, N, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu contents in plants, and starch content in leaf. Urea application increased chlorophyll content in leaf, but decreased micro element contents in plants. Organic fertilizer application increased soil EC, all nutrient element contents in plants, and free amino acid content in leaf, but reduced total soluble sugar and starch contents in leaf.

摘要(Abstract) i
Abstract ii
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
前言(Introduction) 1
前人研究(Literature review) 2
一、 草坪與草坪草 2
二、 草坪的發展 2
三、 百慕達草的分類地位與生長習性 2
四、 PGPR的功效 4
五、 芽孢桿菌屬介紹 5
六、 芽孢桿菌屬對植物生長促進的效果 5
七、 植物對不同氮源的吸收與利用 6
八、 草坪管理時氮肥的使用 7
材料與方法(Materials and methods) 9
試驗一、芽孢桿菌屬菌液及不同型態氮肥對‘亞利桑納’百慕達草生長之影響 9
一、 試驗材料 9
二、 試驗方法 9
三、 統計分析 10
試驗二、芽孢桿菌屬混拌介質及不同型態氮肥對‘亞利桑納’百慕達草生長之影響 11
一、 試驗材料 11
二、 試驗方法 11
三、 統計分析 11
試驗三、芽孢桿菌屬及不同型態氮肥對普通百慕達草生長之影響 12
一、 試驗材料 12
二、 試驗方法 12
三、 統計分析 12
試驗四、蕈狀芽孢桿菌及不同種類氮肥對‘TifDwarf’百慕達草生長之影響 13
一、 試驗材料 13
二、 試驗方法 13
三、 統計分析 15
結果(Results) 17
試驗一、芽孢桿菌屬菌液及不同型態氮肥對‘亞利桑納’百慕達草生長之影響 17
一、 PGPR及氮肥對‘亞利桑納’百慕達草生長量之影響 17
二、 PGPR及氮肥對‘亞利桑納’百慕達草綠覆蓋率之影響 17
三、 PGPR及氮肥對‘亞利桑納’百慕達草草屑元素含量之影響 17
試驗二、芽孢桿菌屬混拌介質及不同型態氮肥對‘亞利桑納’百慕達草生長之影響 19
一、 PGPR及氮肥對‘亞利桑納’百慕達草生長量之影響 19
二、 PGPR及氮肥對‘亞利桑納’百慕達草綠覆蓋率之影響 19
三、 PGPR及氮肥對‘亞利桑納’百慕達草草屑元素含量之影響 19
試驗三、芽孢桿菌屬及不同型態氮肥對普通百慕達草生長之影響 20
一、 PGPR及氮肥對普通百慕達草生長量之影響 20
二、 PGPR及氮肥對普通百慕達草綠覆蓋率之影響 20
三、 PGPR及氮肥對普通百慕達草草屑元素含量之影響 20
試驗四、蕈狀芽孢桿菌及不同種類氮肥對‘TifDwarf’百慕達草生長之影響 22
一、 PGPR及氮肥對‘TifDwarf’百慕達草生長量之影響 22
二、 PGPR及氮肥對‘TifDwarf’百慕達草常態化差異性植生指數及綠覆蓋率之影響. 22
三、 PGPR及氮肥對‘TifDwarf’百慕達草植體接種率及土壤菌含量變化之影響……. 22
四、 PGPR及氮肥對‘TifDwarf’百慕達草土壤電導度與酸鹼值之影響 22
五、 PGPR及氮肥對‘TifDwarf’百慕達草植體元素含量之影響 23
六、 PGPR及氮肥對‘TifDwarf’百慕達草葉片分析之影響 23
討論(Discussion) 80
一、 芽孢桿菌屬PGPR對植物生長的影響 80
二、 PGPR接種方法對植物的影響 82
三、 氮肥型態對植物生長的影響 83
結論(Conclusion) 84
參考文獻(References) 85

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