臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

茶葉 (Camellia sinensis L.)為世界上最大宗之飲料作物之一，含有對人體重要且具保健功效之兒茶素、花青素與原花青素化合物等，皆透過類黃酮生合成途徑而得。本研究利用外施乙烯前驅物1-氨基環丙烷-1-羧酸 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC)於青心烏龍茶苗中，進一步瞭解乙烯訊號對其次級代謝物含量組成與變化。另一方面，利用過表現茶樹絲胺酸羧肽酶 (serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferase, SCPL)基因之菸草轉殖株，初步探討CsSCPL於植體內所扮演之功能。試驗結果顯示，外施ACC處理組不僅能提升茶苗內總兒茶素含量，且於類黃酮生合成途徑中傾向累積較多酯型兒茶素，特別是表兒茶素沒食子酸酯((-)-epicatechin gallate, ECG)含量。於ACC處理組亦累積較多花青素類、類黃酮類與總多酚類化合物之含量。抗氧化酵素活性分析結果表示，於ACC處理組除了抗壞血酸過氧化酶活性呈現上升外，其餘超氧化物歧化酶、過氧化氫酶及過氧化酶三者
酵素活性皆下降。2, 2’-二苯基-1-苦味胼基 (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydr-
azyl, DPPH)自由基清除能力與氧自由基吸收能力 (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC)試驗結果亦顯示，茶苗於ACC處理組具有較佳之自由基清除能力。綜合以上結果，顯示乙烯訊號除了參與類黃酮生合成途徑外，亦影響茶苗抗氧化防禦系統。將茶樹中絲胺酸羧肽酶過表現於菸草轉殖株之試驗結果顯示，SCPL-OE-C61與SCPL-OE-
C73兩過表現轉殖株之根長較野生型長。於高鹽逆境下，兩轉殖株葉圓片之電解質滲漏比率皆較野生型低，顯示過表現CsSCPL基因可能有助於提升菸草植株對鹽害之耐受性。透過本試驗可初步了解CsSCPL蛋白之功能，未來可針對菸草植株內次級代謝物含量組成
進行分析，深入探討CsSCPL蛋白之功能。

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is one of the famous drinks in the world, which contains natural healthy chemicals such as catechins, anthocyandins and proanthocyanidins. Those are synthesized via the flavonoids biosynthesis pathway. The seedlings of Chin-Shin oolong was dropped with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), which is ethylene precursor, and plucked its one-tip two-leaf as materials to investigate the contents of secondary metabolites. Additionally, the role of CsSCPL (serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferase, SCPL) will be identified in the two tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) overexpression lines. The result showed that ACC treatment raised not only the contents of total catechins, but also tended to accumulate gallate-type catechins, when compared with control. We also detected the contents of phenolic compounds, including anthocynins, flavonoids and total phenol, which were all significant higher in ACC treatment than those in control. The antioxidant enzymes activity assay result revealed that the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total peroxidase (POX) were decreased after treated with ACC, except the ascorbate peroxidase (APX), in contrast to control. The results of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) also indicated that the ACC treatment had better ability to scavenge free radicals than the control did. As described above, our results demonstrated that the ethylene signaling might participate in the flavonoids biosynthesis pathway, and influence the antioxidant defense system in tea seedlings. Analysis of overexpression CsSCPL transgenic tobacco pointed out that the roots lengths in SCPL-OE-C61 and SCPL-OE-C73 lines were longer than wild type (WT). Under salt stress, both SCPL-OE-C61 and SCPL-OE-C73 lines had lower percentage of electrolyte leakage than wild type. Our results may provide a preliminary study in function of CsSCPL. Furthermore, the contents of secondary metabolite in CsSCPL overexpression lines will be investigated.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
壹、前言 1
一、乙烯對植物之影響 1
二、SCPL醯基轉移酶之介紹 7
貳、材料與方法 11
一、試驗材料及處理方法 11
二、高效液相層析儀 (high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)分析 12
三、花青素與類黃酮含量之測定 13
四、總多酚化合物含量之測定 14
五、抗氧化酵素之測定 14
六、2, 2’-二苯基-1-苦味胼基 (2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除能力之分析 17
七、氧自由基吸收能力 (Oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC)之分析 17
八、過量表現CsSCPL基因之菸草轉殖株總RNA萃取 18
九、DNase處理 19
十、第一股cDNA之合成 (reverse transcription, RT) 19
十一、菸草幼苗根長之測量 19
十二、電解質滲漏率之測定 20
十三、二氨基聯苯胺 (3, 3’-diaminobenzidine, DAB)染色 20
參、結果 21
一、乙烯訊號下青心烏龍茶苗中兒茶素之含量與組成 21
二、乙烯訊號下青心烏龍茶苗內次級代謝物之累積 22
三、乙烯訊號下青心烏龍茶苗內抗氧化酵素活性之改變 22
四、乙烯訊號下青心烏龍茶苗之自由基清除比率探討 23
五、CsSCPL菸草轉植株之基因表現量及幼苗外觀形態 24
六、過表現CsSCPL之菸草轉殖株於高鹽逆境下之離子滲漏率測定 25

肆、討論 26
一、乙烯訊號參與茶苗之類黃酮生合成途徑 26
二、乙烯訊號提高茶苗之抗氧化能力 26
三、過表現CsSCPL基因之菸草轉殖株促進幼苗之根長 28
四、過表現CsSCPL之菸草轉殖株提高對高鹽逆境之耐受性 28
伍、參考文獻 30
陸、圖表 43
柒、附錄 52

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