臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

萵苣 (Lactuca sativa L.) 為世界重要蔬菜作物之一。於台灣尖葉萵苣為常見之葉菜類，其種子於25 °C 時會受到抑制，使其難以在台灣夏季進行栽培。本實驗目的分別為研究不同花序位置的種子發芽表現、PEG滲調處理及種子貯藏和最佳種子播種前處理方法以克服尖葉萵苣種子熱抑制現象。
植物花序的位置可影響其種子發芽特性。尖葉萵苣之第一花序頂花外之其它花序所產生的種子品質高，其它花序所產生的種子發芽率高、導電度低和endo-β-mannanase活性高。此外，其它花序所產生的種子比第一朵花序的種子重，分別為1.053 mg 及 0.950 mg。其它花序的種子胚乳和胚佔比例為83.5 %，而第一朵花序的種子胚乳和胚佔比例為80.4 %，故種子重與其胚乳和胚佔比例與活力有關，且採收後的尖葉萵苣種子可貯藏於6 °C，需貯藏四個月以上以解除其休眠特性。
在25 °C下，經PEG滲調處理的種子可提高接近60 % 的發芽率、縮短發芽天數(MDG) 及提高發芽整齊度(T90-10)。最佳尖葉萵苣種子PEG滲調條件為 -1.1 MPa處理 60小時。滲調處理的種子品質隨著貯藏期間下降，滲調處理後的尖葉萵苣種子品質可維持30天。當種子在適溫20 °C發芽時，滲調後貯藏150天之內發芽率為97.8 % - 91.1 %。 當種子在高溫 25 °C發芽時，滲調後貯藏30 天的發芽率為69.3 % 。
本實驗利用GA3、kinetin、KNO3 和水於發芽前浸種以克服尖葉萵苣種子熱抑制現象。100 µM kinetin 預浸種方式使種子在25 °C有94.4 % 發芽率，有效地克服了種子熱抑制現象。Kinetin處理後的種子可提高種子呼吸率、endo-β-mannanase和Catalase (CAT) 活性，並且使Melondialdehyde (MDA)含量和滲漏導電度值顯著下降。

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an important vegetable crop in the world. The germination of pointed leaf lettuce seed was inhibited at 25 °C, make it difficult to cultivate during summer in Taiwan. This study focused on the characteristic of seed produced from different positions in inflorescence, effect of PEG priming on seed germination and storability, and method to overcome seed thermoinhibition in pointed leaf lettuce.
The position of the seed in inflorescence can affect its germination characteristics. The results showed that lateral flower seeds in inflorescence of pointed leaf lettuce had high seed quality compared with the seeds from terminal flower. Lateral flower seeds had high germination percentage, high endo-β-mannanase activity and low electrolyte leakage. Besides, the lateral flower seed was heavier than the first flower seed, which was 1.053 mg and 0.950 mg, respectively. The endosperm + embryo percentage for the lateral flower seed was 83.5 %, while the terminal flower seed was 80.4 %. This showed that the seed weight and endosperm + embryo percentage were positively correlated with the seed vigour. By seed weight separation can be used as a quick indicator in determining seed germination performance. At least four months of dry storage at 6 °C was recommended to reduce seed dormancy after harvesting in pointed leaf lettuce.
Priming could enhance almost 60 % in germination at 25 °C, shorten mean days of germination (MDG) and increased germination uniformity (T90-10). The optimal priming condition was at -1.1 MPa for 60 hours. However, primed seed quality was decreasing during storage. The quality of primed pointed leaf lettuce seeds could be retained for 30 days. The germination of primed seeds at 20 °C during 150 days of storage were between 97.8 % - 91.1 %. When 30 days stored primed seeds were germinated at 25 °C, the germination percentage was 69.3 %.
Gibberellin (GA3), kinetin, potassium nitrate (KNO3) and water were used to overcome seeds thermoinhibition of pointed leaf lettuce. Pre-soaking seeds in 100 µM kinetin effectively overcame seeds thermoinhibition, it had 94.4 % of seed germination at 25 °C. The alleviation of thermoinhibition by kinetin was accompanied by significant in increasement of seed respiration, endo-β-mannanase and catalase (CAT) activity. But, Melondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage of kinetin treated seed were decreased.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract.....i
中文摘要.....ii
Table of contents......iii
Contents of tables......v
Contents of figures.....vi
Chapter 1. Introduction.....1
Chapter 2. Literature review.....3
1.0 Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plant introduction.....3
2.0 The environment factors for lettuce seed germination.....4
2.1 Light.....4
2.2 Temperature.....5
3.0 Seed quality tests.....5
3.1 Physical tests.....6
3.2 Physiological tests......6
3.3 Biochemical tests......6
4.0 Seed dormancy.....7
4.1 Definition......7
4.2 Methods for breaking seed dormancy.....8
5.0 Seed storage.....9
5.1 Factors affecting seed storage.....9
6.0 Seed enhancements.....10
6.1 Seed soaking.....10
6.2 Seed priming.....11
7.0 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant in seed biology.....12
Chapter 3. Seed characteristics of pointed leaf lettuce from different positions in the inflorescence.....13
3.0 Abstract.....13
3.1 Introduction.....14
3.2 Materials and methods.....14
3.3 Results.....17
3.4 Discussion.....23
Chapter 4. Effect of PEG priming pointed leaf lettuce seed germination and storability.....25
4.0 Abstract.....25
4.1 Introduction.....26
4.2 Materials and methods.....26
4.3 Results.....28
4.4 Discussion.....36
Chapter 5. Overcome the thermoinhibition of pointed leaf lettuce seed.....38
5.0 Abstract.....38
5.1 Introduction.....39
5.2 Materials and methods.....39
5.3 Results.....44
5.4 Discussion.....54
Chapter 6. Conclusion.....56
References.....57

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