臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的是觀察錦鯉浸泡Azaperone（AZA，Butyrophenones衍生物）麻醉藥物時之鎮靜效果，以評估AZA是否能作為魚類臨床診療保定前或是麻醉前鎮靜藥物之可能性。本研究將錦鯉（9.3±0.6 cm, N=100）分別置於不同濃度的AZA（10.0, 13.3, 20.0, 40.0, 60.0 mg/L）試驗組中。當試驗個體達到誘導麻醉的麻醉深度後，立即轉移到無麻醉藥物的水族箱中，觀察其恢復狀態以選擇最佳的麻醉濃度。實驗結果顯示，AZA在水溫26℃的條件下，麻醉濃度為40.0 mg/L時，對錦鯉有較為穩定的鎮靜效果。在水溫26℃的條件下，平均麻醉導入時間為300.47±64.57秒，甦醒時間為1315.13±832.99秒。若將麻醉導入時間延長為平均時間的一倍，錦鯉仍能全部甦醒，顯示在此濃度下進行麻醉是安全的。另外，使用AZA進行麻醉時對魚類的止痛效果不佳，針刺試驗時個體仍出現跳動，顯示試驗個體存在明顯的疼痛反應，此與Butyrophenones類藥物無止痛效果且肌肉鬆弛效果不佳的作用結果是一致的。

This study aimed to identify the anesthetic activities of Butyrophenones derivatives and their effects in Cyprinus carpio（Ornamental Koi） after anesthesia and recovery were investigated. To observe the induction and potentiation of the anesthetic effect of C. carpio（9.3±0.6 cm; N = 100）, the tested fish were exposed to various concentrations（10.0, 13.3, 20.0, 40.0 and 60.0 mg/L） of Butyrophenones derivatives. After the anesthesia was induced or simulated and the biometric measurements were completed, the fish are immediately transferred to an anesthetic-free aquaria to allow for recovery. Fish were sampled at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 240 min after recovery. We found the optimal dose and administering temperature of Butyrophenones derivatives to be 40.0 mg L−1 at water temperature of 26 °C. The Butyrophenones derivatives could be used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 60 mg L− 1 to induce anesthesia（stage 3） in C. carpio. The time required for recovery was shorter when lower concentrations of the oil were used. Butyrophenones derivatives may be more appropriate for use in commercial aquacultural situations. We describe methods and precautions for administration and changes in fish behavior during progressively deeper anesthesia and discuss the physiological effects of Butyrophenones derivatives and its potential for compromising fish health and effectiveness of water quality parameters.

中文摘要 i
Summary ii
目 次 iii
表 次 vi
圖 次 vii
第一章 緒言 1
第二章 文獻探討 2
第一節 錦鯉介紹 2
一、錦鯉簡介 2
二、錦鯉之飼養管理與環境 5
第二節 魚類麻醉生理學 7
一、鰓的構造 7
二、通氣與氣體交換 8
三、心臟及血液循環 9
四、神經系統 10
五、心肺同步 12
第三節 魚類疼痛評估 13
第四節 魚類之鎮靜與監控 15
一、魚類麻醉的定義 15
二、魚類的緊迫 17
三、關於魚類麻醉選擇的一般考慮 18
四、麻醉深度評估 22
第五節 魚類麻醉給藥途徑及常用藥物 23
一、吸入麻醉 23
二、非化學麻醉 28
三、注射麻醉 30
第六節、鎮靜中之監控 32
第七節 Butyrophenones 衍生物 32
一、簡介 32
二、藥理作用 33
三、Droperidol 33
四、Azaperone 34
第三章 材料與方法 39
第一節 實驗動物與飼養管理 39
一、實驗動物 39
二、飼養管理 39
第二節 藥物 40
一、使用之藥物 40
二、實驗藥物配製 40
第三節 實驗方法與實驗設計 41
一、麻醉分期 41
二、實驗方法 42
三、實驗一 測定麻醉濃度 42
四、實驗二 麻醉時間對蘇醒率的影響 43
五、實驗三 麻醉深度測試 43
六、實驗四 靜水及半靜水對麻醉和甦醒時間的影響 43
第四節、統計分析 43
第四章 實驗結果 45
第一節 45
實驗一 有效劑量測試 45
第二節 47
實驗二 麻醉時間測試 47
第三節 47
實驗三 麻醉深度測試 47
第四節 48
實驗四 靜水及半靜水測試 48
第五章 討論 49
第一節 錦鯉麻醉的應用 49
第二節 實驗過程討論 50
一、實驗動物健康評估 50
二、溫度的影響 50
三、溶解氧的影響 51
四、麻醉中呼吸心跳監控 51
五、麻醉中魚的行為變化 52
第三節、作用機制探討 53
第四節 未來展望 54
一、Azaperone應用於魚類麻醉之潛力 54
二、Azaperone應用於魚類麻醉之進一步研究 55
參考文獻 56

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