臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

伊斯蘭銀行是奠基於「無利息」的財務結構，而一般商業銀行則是奠基於利息制度。這篇論文的主要研究目的是為了探討在馬來西亞中伊斯蘭銀行、商業銀行與經濟成長的關係，並進一步去回答無利息之伊斯蘭銀行體系是否為經濟成長的一種重要因素。本研究資料為2007年1月至2015年9月之月資料，並使用一般最小平方法預測迴歸模型。馬來西亞同時擁有伊斯蘭銀行以及商業銀行。
商業銀行方面，馬來西亞提供一個無利息銀行方案（SPTF)，在此方案之下商業財務機構在他們的分公司開設獨立的伊斯蘭櫃檯作為伊斯蘭的窗口。
列舉馬來西亞的銀行包含16間伊斯蘭銀行、3間國際伊斯蘭銀行、27間商業銀行(包含伊期蘭銀行業務部門)、11間投資銀行，以及2家其他財務機構。本研究發現銀行體系顯著地提高馬來西亞之經濟成長。本研究之意涵在於發現伊斯蘭銀行以及商業銀行皆對於經濟成長有所助益。除此之外，伊斯蘭銀行在人口多為穆斯林的經濟體系中扮演了一個關鍵的角色。

Islamic banking is based on the concept of “interest-free” financial structure while commercial banking is based on interest system. The main aim of this paper is to study the relationships between Islamic, commercial banking and economic growth in Malaysia and to answer the question whether interest-free Islamic banking system is one of the important of the economic growth. I use monthly data covering the period from January of 2007 through September of 2015 by using ordinary least squares and the two-stage least squares as methods for estimating regression function. Malaysia has both of Islamic banks and commercial banks.
For the commercial banks, Malaysia presented an Interest free banking scheme (SPTF) under the scheme commercial financial institutions presented Islamic financing techniques by opening separate Islamic counters in their branches known as Islamic windows.
The data cover the aggregate variables for 16 Islamic banks, 3 International Islamic banks, 27 commercial banks, 11 investment banks, and 2 other financial institutions. I find the banking system improves the Malaysia economic growth significantly. Especially, the interest-free Islamic banking system improves the Malaysia economic growth significantly. The finding indicates that both Islamic and Commercial Bank contribute to the economic growth. In addition, Islamic banking plays a crucial role on the economy in which Muslim is one of the main populations.

Tables of Contents

Acknowledgement................................................ I
摘要........................................................... II
Abstract........................................................ III
Table of Contents................................................ IV
List of Figures................................................... VII
List of Tables.................................................... VIII
Chapter 1: Introduction............................................ 1
1.1 Research Background and Motivation............................... 1
1.2 International Islamic Banking...................................... 2
1.3 Islamic Banking in Malaysia....................................... 4
1.4 Islamic Contracts................................................ 5
1.4.1 Mudarabah Contract.......................................... 5
1.4.2 Musharakah Contract......................................... 6
1.4.3 Muzara'ah and Musaqah Contracts.............................. 8
1.4.4 Murabahah Contract.......................................... 8
1.4.5 Salam Contract.............................................. 9
1.4.6 Qard Hassan Contract........................................ 10
1.4.7 Ijarah Contract.............................................. 11
1.5 Research Objective.............................................. 12
Chapter 2: Literature Review....................................... 13
2.1 Commercial and Islamic Banking Definitions.......................... 13
2.2 Selected Literatures.............................................. 14
Chapter 3: Research Method and Data................................ 19
3.1 Theories of Financial System and Economic Growth.................... 19
3.1.1 Gross Domestic Product: Expenditure Approach.................... 19
3.1.2 Consumptions............................................... 19
3.1.3 Gross Private Domestic Investment.............................. 20
3.1.4 Import and Export............................................ 20
3.1.5 Malaysia Banking System...................................... 20
3.1.6 Financial Sector.............................................. 21
3.1.7 Governance and Legal Factors.................................. 21
3.2 Research Hypotheses............................................. 22
3.3 Research Framework............................................. 23
3.4 Regression Data and Models....................................... 24
3.4.1 Regression Data.............................................. 24
3.4.2 Regression Models........................................... 31
Chapter 4: The Empirical Results.................................... 35
4.1 Regression Analysis.............................................. 35
4.1.1 The Explanation of Results..................................... 38
4.2 Two-Stage Least Squares.......................................... 41
4.2.1 The Explanation of Two-Stage Least Squares...................... 42
4.3 Robustness Checks............................................... 45
4.3.1 The Explanation of Robustness Checks (1)......................... 46
4.3.2 The Explanation of Robustness Checks (2)......................... 50
Chapter 5: Conclusions............................................. 53
References........................................................ 54
1. Journals................................................... 54
2. Websites.................................................. 56
3. Book..................................................... 58
Appendix......................................................... 59


List of Figures

Figure 1.1 International Islamic Banking Assets........................ 2
Figure 1.2 Shares of Islamic Banking Assets........................... 3
Figure 2.1 Mudarabah Contract..................................... 5
Figure 2.2 Musharakah Contract.................................... 7
Figure 2.3 Murabahah Contract..................................... 9
Figure 2.4 Salam Contract......................................... 10
Figure 2.5 Qard Hassan Contract.................................... 11
Figure 2.6 Ijarah Contract......................................... 12
Figure 3.1 Research Framework.................................... 23
Figure 3.2 Percentage of GDP Growth............................... 28
Figure 3.3 Percentages of Private Consumption Growths................. 29
Figure 3.4 Percentage of Public Consumption Growth................... 29
Figure 3.5 Percentage of Export of Goods and Non-Factor Service Receipts Growth...............................................30
Figure 3.6 Percentage of Import of Goods and Non-Factor Service Payments Growth...............................................30


List of Tables

Table 3.1 List of Islamic Banks in Malaysia........................... 25
Table 3.2 List of Commercial Banks in Malaysia....................... 26
Table 3.3 List of Investment Banks in Malaysia........................ 27
Table 3.4 List of Other Financial Institution in Malaysia................. 27
Table 3.5 The Definition of Variables................................ 33
Table 3.6 The Correlation between the Variables....................... 34
Table 4.1 The Determinants of Economic Growth in Malaysia (1).......... 37
Table 4.2 The Determinants of Economic Growth in Malaysia (2).......... 41
Table 4.3 The Determinants of Economic Growth in Malaysia (3).......... 45
Table 4.4 The Determinants of Economic Growth in Malaysia (4).......... 49

References
1.Journals

Beck, T. & Levine, R. (2002). Stock Markets, Banks, and Growth: Panel Evidence. SSRN Electronic Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.314904

Beck, T. & Levine, R. (2004). Stock markets, banks, and growth: Panel evidence. Journal of Banking & Finance, 28(3), 423-442.

Čihák, M. & Hesse, H. (2010). Islamic Banks and Financial Stability: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Financial Services Research, 38(2-3), 95-13.

Farahani, G., Sadr, Y., & Mohammad Hossein, S. (2012). Analysis of Islam Bank's Financing and Economic Growth: Case Study Iran and Indonesia. Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, 33(4), 1-24.

Furqani, H. & Mulyany, R. (2009). Islamic Banking and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Cooperation and Development, 30(2), 59-74.

Gheeraert, L. & Weill, L. (2015). Does Islamic banking development favor macroeconomic efficiency? Evidence on the Islamic finance-growth nexus. Economic Modelling, 47, 32-39.

Gudarzi Farahani, Y. & Dastan, M. (2013). Analysis of Islamic banks' financing and Economic Growth: a panel cointegration approach. I J Islam Mid East Fin And Mgt, 6(2), 156-172.

Gudarzi Farahani, Y. & Seyed M. (2012), “Analysis of Islamic Bank’s Financing and Economic Growth: Case Study Iran and Indonesia”, Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, 33(4), 1-24.

Hisham Yahya, M., Muhammad, J., & Razak Abdul Hadi, A. (2012). A comparative study on the level of efficiency between Islamic and conventional banking systems in Malaysia. I J Islam Mid East Fin And Mgt, 5(1), 48-62.

Johnes, J., Izzeldin, M., & Pappas, V. (2014). A comparison of performance of Islamic and conventional banks 2004–2009. Journal of Economic Behavior& Organization, 103, 93-107.

King, R. & Levine, R. (1993). Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 717-737.

Levine, R. (2004). Finance and growth. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Levine, R., & Zervos, S. (1998). Stock Markets, Banks, and Economic Growth. The American Economic Review, 88(3), 537-558.

Levine, R., Loayza, N., & Beck, T. (2000). Financial intermediation and growth: Causality and causes. Journal of Monetary Economics, 46(1), 31-77.

Mobarek, A. & Kalonov, A. (2013). Comparative performance analysis between
conventional and Islamic banks: empirical evidence from OIC countries. Applied Economics, 46(3), 253-270.

Rajabi, E. & Muhammad, J. (2014). The Stock Markets, Banks and Growth Nexus: Asian Islamic Countries. Economic Notes, 43(2), 137-165.

Shen, C. & Lee, C. (2006). Same Financial Development yet Different Economic Growth--Why? .Journal Of Money, Credit, And Banking, 38(7), 1907-1944.

Zangeneh, H. & Salam, A. (1993). Central Banking in an Interest-free Banking System. Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Islamic Economics, 5(1), 25-35.


2.Websites

Ali Al-Jarhi, M. & Iqbal, M. Conventional VS Islamic Banking System (1st ed.). AIMS-UK Islamic Banking & Finance Online Certifications Training & Consultancy.

AML/CFT. (2014). Amlcft.bnm.gov.my. Retrieved 24 May 2016, from http://amlcft.bnm.gov.my/

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BNM Annual Report. (2003) (1st ed., pp. 1-253). Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.bnm.gov.my/files/publication/ar/en/2003/ar2003.complete.pdf

BNM Annual Report. (2005) (1st ed., pp. 1-263). Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.bnm.gov.my/files/publication/ar/en/2005/ar2005_book.pdf

BNM Annual Report. (2015) (1st ed., pp. 1-200). Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.bnm.gov.my/files/publication/ar/en/2015/ar2015_book.pdf

BNM Catalogue. (2016). Bnm.gov.my. Retrieved 6 April 2016, from http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=en_publication_catalogue&pg=en_publication_msb&mth=4&yr=2016&lang=en&eId=box1

BNM Synopsis. (2016). Bnm.gov.my. Retrieved 13 May 2016, from http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=en_publication_synopsis&pg=en_publication_statistical_rpt&ac=4&eId=box1

Center, A. (2016). Malaysia - Data :: Country/Economy Profile. Aric.adb.org. Retrieved 17 April 2016, from https://aric.adb.org/malaysia/data


Endogenous Variable Definition. (2010). Investopedia. Retrieved 13 June 2016, from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/endogenous-variable.asp

Export Definition. (2003). Investopedia. Retrieved 4 May 2016, from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/export.asp

Global Financial Development Report - GFDR 2014: Islamic Banking Database. (2014). Econ.worldbank.org.

Import Definition Investopedia. (2003). Investopedia. Retrieved 19 May 2016, from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/import.asp

Institute of Islamic Banking and Insurance - What is Islamic Banking. (1990). Islamic banking.com. Retrieved 1 April 2016, from http://www.islamic-banking.com/what_is_ibanking.aspx

Jamaldeen, F. (2016). Four Ways Conventional and Islamic Commercial Banks Differ. Islamic Finance. Retrieved from http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/four-ways-conventional-and-islamic-commercial-bank.html

Monetary Policy in the Presence of Islamic Banking. (2016) (1st ed., pp. 1-35). Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2016/wp1672.Pdf

Security Definition. (2003). Investopedia. Retrieved 11 June 2016, from http://www.
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The IMF and Islamic Finance. (2015). Imf.org. Retrieved 16 April 2016, from http://www.imf.org/external/themes/islamicfinance/

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3.Book

Islamic Banking in Indonesia:New Perspectives on Monetary and Financial Issuses. (2013) (pp. 1-15).