本研究以台北市國高中各兩所學校的國一至高三學生（N=400）作為研究樣本，並以蔣世光（2012）成人研究樣本（N=47）做為成人比較樣本，藉由修改版中文人際量表來了解各同理心（想像、觀點取替、同情關懷、個人痛苦、認知同理心、情感同理心、同理心）於青少年不同性別、年齡間之差異與和成人階段之間的差異，以了解青少年階段的同理心表現特性與其變化。研究結果整理如下：

1. 在青少年中，各同理心表現女生皆明顯高於男生。
2. 在青少年中，各同理心表現於不同年齡並未有差異。
3. 與成年人的比較中，青少年的想像、認知同理心與同理心高於成年人，觀點取替、同情關懷、個人痛苦與情感同理心則未有差異。
4. 與成年人表現次序的比較中，青少年的想像於同理心面向中相對較高，認知同理心也較情感同理心高，成年人則否。

本研究依上述結果做各層面之討論，並依此提供未來研究可行之建議。

In this study, we have two samples. The participants from the first grade of
junior high schools to the third grade of the high schools, and the adult sample
from Chiang（2012）. We use aC-IRI to compare different empathy aspects （
fantasy, perspective taking, empathetic concern, personal distress, cognitive
empathy, affective empathy, empathy）in different age, gender and groups（
adolescents, adults）to know the characteristics of adolescents’ empathy in Taiwan.
The findings are concluded as below:
1. In adolescents, the scores of all empathetic aspects in girls are higher than
boys.
2. In adolescents, different grades didn’t make significant differences in all
empathetic aspects.
3. Comparing with adults, adolescents have higher scores in fantasy, cognitive
empathy and empathy. On the other hand, perspective taking, empathetic
concern, personal distress and affective empathy have no significant difference
between adults and adolescents.
4. Comparing with the empathy order of adults, adolescents’ fantasy is relatively
in high order, and cognitive empathy is higher than affective empathy;
whereas adults are not.
Finally, based on the study findings and relevant discussion, suggestions
were made for future researches.

謝誌------------------------------------------------ i
中文摘要-------------------------------------------- iii
英文摘要--------------------------------------------v
目次----------------------------------------------- vii
表目次----------------------------------------------ix
圖目次----------------------------------------------xi
第一章 緒論---------------------------------------- 1
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 同理心的內涵
一、同理心的定義與組成-------------------------------- 3
二、同理心的發展與層次-------------------------------- 4
第二節 同理心的評估 --------------------------------- 7
第三節 人際反應量表
一、量表內容 ---------------------------------------- 9
二、計分方式 --------------------------------------- 10
三、中文版人際反應量表 ------------------------------- 11
第四節 同理心於年齡、性別變項的相關研究
一、同理心在年齡上的相關研究 -------------------------- 14
二、同理心在性別上的相關研究----------------------------16
第五節 研究問題與假設--------------------------------- 19
第三章 研究方法
一、研究樣本----------------------------------------- 21
二、研究工具----------------------------------------- 22
三、研究程序----------------------------------------- 22
四、資料處理與分析------------------------------------ 24
第四章 研究結果
第一節 同理心於青少年群體內之比較
一、現況分析------------------------------------------25
二、性別、年級與青少年各同理心表現的關係-----------------26
第二節 同理心於青少年與成年人之比較
一、表現高低差異---------------------------------------35
二、表現次序差異---------------------------------------36
第五章 討論
第一節 同理心於青少年群體內之比較
一、年級（年齡）差異-----------------------------------39
二、性別差異------------------------------------------40
第二節 同理心於青少年與成年人之比較
一、表現高低差異---------------------------------------43
二、表現次序差異-------------------------------------- 44
第六章 結論與限制
第一節 結論-------------------------------------------47
第二節 限制與建議 -------------------------------------48
參考文獻----------------------------------------------49
附錄一 施測量表
附錄二 人體研究倫理委員會通過證明

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