本研究目的為探討不同的通風及蔗糖濃度對帝王花（Protea cynaroides L.）組培苗的生長影響。本研究採用自然通風（對照組）及強制通風（2 min/2 h及2 min/4 h）三種不同的通風處理及10 g.L-1和30 g.L-1兩種不同的蔗糖濃度對帝王花組培苗的生長影響，以分析帝王花的芽數、芽長度、葉面積、葉綠素、葉綠素螢光、鮮重、總酚及總抗氧化能力之測定。研究結果顯示，芽數最高為10 g.L-1蔗糖的強制通風（2 min/2 h）處理，最低為10 g.L-1 自然通風（對照組）處理，兩者間有顯著性差異。芽長度生長狀態最佳處理為10 g.L-1蔗糖的強制通風（2 min/4 h）處理，最低為10 g.L-1 自然通風與強制通風（2 min/2 h）處理。研究也發現，不論是在10 g.L-1或３0 g.L-1的蔗糖濃度，強制通風（2 min/4 h）的處理在葉面積，結果顯示其生長影響為最佳。接著，在自然通風（對照組）及強制通風(2 min/2 h及2 min/4 h)三種不同通風處理，30 g.L-1蔗糖處理組的葉綠素含量都高於10 g.L-1蔗糖處理組，兩者之間有顯著性差異。研究證實葉綠素會因不同的通風時間及蔗糖濃度，而受到影響。另外，在葉綠素螢光(Fv/Fm值)的研究結果顯示，Fv/Fm值最高的處理為30 g.L-1蔗糖的強制通風(2 min/4 h)，Fv/Fm值最低的處理為30 g.L-1蔗糖的自然通風（對照組），兩者間有顯著性差異。在鮮重的實驗結果顯示，最重的處理為30 g.L-1蔗糖的強制通風（2 min/2 h）處理，最輕的處理為10 g.L-1蔗糖的強制通風（2 min/2 h）處理。接著，在總酚的實驗結果顯示，30 g.L-1蔗糖處理的多酚類都高於10 g.L-1蔗糖組，表示帝王花會因蔗糖濃度的高低而影響多酚類的含量。在總抗氧化能力的實驗分析研究結果顯示，在強制通風（2 min/2 h、2 min/4 h）的處理，30 g.L-1蔗糖條件的清除DPPH自由基能力高於10 g.L-1蔗糖組，表示清除DPPH自由基能力高低會因不同的通風及蔗糖濃度而受到影響。本研究結果顯示不同通風處理與蔗糖濃度會影響帝王花組培苗之生長。

　　The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different ventilation treatments and sucrose concentrations on the growth and development of Protea cynaroides L. microshoots in vitro. Three different ventilation treatments were used: microshoots were either ventilated naturally (control), forced ventilated for 2 min/2 h, or 2 min/4 h. In addition, two sucrose concentrations were used in the growth medium: 30 g.L-1 and 10 g.L-1. The following data were collected: number of buds, bud length, leaf area, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, fresh weight, total phenol content, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity.
　　Results showed that the highest number of buds were formed in microshoots cultured in 10 g.L-1 sucrose that were forced ventilated for 2 min/2 h, which were significantly higher than those grown in 10 g.L-1 sucrose in the natural ventilation treatment (control). Microshoots cultured in 10 g.L-1 sucrose with 2 min/4 h forced ventilation produced the longest buds, whereas the shortest buds were found in the 2 min/2 h forced ventilation treatment cultured in the 10 g.L-1 sucrose. In addition, microshoots that formed the largest leaves were found in the 2 min/4 h forced ventilation treatment, irrespective of the sucrose concentration. These microshoots produced significantly higher leaf areas than microshoots in the other ventilation treatments. Furthermore, chlorophyll content were significantly higher in leaves of microshoots that were cultured in 30 g.L-1 sucrose compared to those grown in 10 g.L-1 sucrose, irrespective of the ventilation treatment.
　　Moreover, analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence of the leaves revealed that the highest Fv/Fm value was observed on microshoots that were forced ventilated for 2 min/4 h in the 30 g.L-1 sucrose treatment, which was significantly higher than microshoots cultured in 30 g.L-1 sucrose in the control treatment (natural ventilation). With regard to the fresh weight of the microshoots, the highest fresh weight was found in the 30 g.L-1 sucrose treatment that was forced ventilated for 2 min/2 h, while microshoots cultured in 10 g.L-1 sucrose in same forced ventilation treatment had the lowest fresh weight. The total phenol content of the microshoots was highest all the 30 g.L-1 sucrose treatments, irrespective of the ventilation treatment, which indicated the strong effects of sucrose concentration on phenolic compounds production in P. cynaroides microshoots. Similarly, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity were detected in the 30 g.L-1 sucrose concentration treatments in all the ventilation treatments, particularly in those that were forced ventilated for 2 min/2 h and 2 min/4 h. These results suggest that sucrose concentration affected total phenol production and DPPH activities in P. cynaroides microshoots. In general, the ventilation and sucrose treatments used in this study clearly demonstrated their effects on the growth and development of P. cynaroides microshoots.

致謝　i
Abstract　ii
摘要　v
Table of Contents　vii
List of Tables　x
List of Figures　xi

Chapter 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Research background 1
1.2 Aim of this research study 2
Chapter 2
Literature Review 4
2.1 Plant tissue culture 4
2.2 Protea cynaroides L. 5
2.3 In vitro culture of P. cynaroides explants 10
2.4 Photomixotrophic micropropagation 12
2.5 Ventilation of culture vessel 13
2.5.1 Natural ventilation 14
2.5.2 Forced ventilation 15
2.6 Chlorophyll fluorescence 16
Chapter 3
Materials and Methods 20
3.1 Chemicals 20
3.2 Plant material, growth medium, and growth conditions 21
3.3 Sucrose and ventilation treatments 22
3.4 Determination of chlorophyll fluorescence 24
3.5 Determination of total phenol content 25
3.6 Determination of DPPH radical scavenging activity 26
3.7 Statistical Analysis 27
Chapter 4
Results 32
Chapter 5
Discussion 51
Chapter 6
Conclusion 64
Research Limitations 65
References 66

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