透水鋪面提供了解決都市降雨逕流的方法，且透水鋪面的熱傳導行為研究結果亦顯示，不論酷暑及嚴冬，透水鋪面可有效地降低都市熱島效應。本文之主要目的為探討在多變化的氣候條件下，多孔隙瀝青鋪面的熱傳導行為及其透水性，並同時監測分析鋪面底層的溫度分佈和含水量。
本研究對三種新的瀝青混凝土鋪面結構進行了七個試驗段的一系列試驗，其中第四試驗段為全透水鋪面；第三及第五試驗段為半透水鋪面；第二、第六以及第七試驗段則為傳統瀝青鋪面。為了觀測地表溫度、含水量、鋪面應力、應變以及土壤之壓力，將地面溫度計、時域水份計（TDR）、H型應變儀、Z向應變計和土壤壓力計等分別埋入鋪面之下。並採用了太陽能反照率試驗儀搭配CR850資料紀錄器進行太陽能反射率測試，作為評估與比較傳統鋪面和透水鋪面的太陽光吸收率和反射率。試驗結果顯示，第三試驗段之淨輻射量高於其他透水試驗段（第四和第五試驗段）；在傳統鋪面中，第二試驗段之淨輻射量則高於第六以及第七試驗段。
另外也分別於2015年8月以及11月進行了實測之車輛動態應力-應變試驗，結果顯示，11月份之應力及應變觀測成果皆高於8月份之觀測成果，而11月份之土壤壓力觀測成果低於8月份之觀測成果；此外，水分記錄資料亦顯示第四試驗段之總含水量高於第二、第三和第五試驗段。而在溫度記錄觀測中亦發現，從面層傳遞到面層下的熱能漸減，日間表層鋪面溫度以第四試區為所有試區中最高，在夜間之溫度則為全試驗段之最低。綜合本研究的試驗成果顯示，採用全透水鋪面的總導熱係數及路面水份滲透能力皆優於傳統鋪面及半滲透鋪面。

Permeable concrete pavements offer solutions for rain water runoff treatment in urban areas, and thermal behavior investigations have proved their contributions to reducing the urban island heat effect in the hottest and coldest seasons due to their cooling capacity. Thus, the main aim of this study is to investigate the thermal behavior and moisture permeability of porous asphalt concrete pavement under specific weather conditions while paying attention to the temperature distribution and the moisture content in the sub base. A series of tests were carried out on a newly implemented asphalt concrete pavement structure with three different designs; permeable, semi-permeable and traditional pavement sections. Section IV is the fully permeable section, sections III and V the semi-permeable sections and sections II, VI and VII are the traditional pavement sections. A ground thermometer, a time domain reflectometry (TDR), an H-Type strain gauge, a Z strain gauge and earth pressure cells were embedded into the pavement sections and used to observe the ground temperature, moisture content, pavement’s stress and strain and soil pressure. A solar reflectivity efficiency test was also carried out using a CR850Logger with reflective sensor to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of solar energy absorption and reflectivity of both traditional and permeable pavements in this study.
From the data analysis, tests carried out for the solar energy absorption showed that the net radiation in the pavement of section three was higher than that of the other permeable sections (sections four and five), whiles section two’s net radiation was higher than sections six and seven for the traditional pavement sections.
The vehicle dynamic stress and strain tests carried out in August and November 2015 showed that; overall, the stress values in November were higher than that in August for most of the sections. The strain values in November were also much higher than in August. The earth pressure values were lower in August than in November as well. The overall water content in section four after evaluation was determined to be higher than that in sections two, three and five.
It was also observed that section four exhibited the highest daytime surface temperatures of all the sections because of the reduced thermal energy transfer from the surface to subsurface layers. In comparison, it also had the lowest nighttime temperatures when compared with the other sections’. Therefore, from these results and evaluations, it was determined that the overall thermal conductivity and permeable capacity of the fully permeable section was better than that of the traditional sections and semi-permeable sections.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS V
TABLE OF CONTENTS VI
LIST OF FIGURES X
LIST OF TABLES XIII
Acronyms and Abbreviations XV
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Statement of the Problem 1
1.2 Research Findings 2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Purpose of the study 5
1.5 Thesis Contents 6
Chapter 2 Literature Review 7
2.1 Types of Pavements 7
2.1.1 Flexible Pavements 7
2.1.2 HMA Pavement 8
2.1.3 Rigid Pavements 11
2.2 Asphalt concrete pavements (Flexible Pavements) 13
2.2.1 Benefits of Asphalt concrete pavements 14
2.2.2 Asphalt as a sustainable pavement construction material 15
2.3 Types of Asphalt Pavements 16
2.3.1 Perpetual Pavements 16
2.3.2 Thin Overlays 17
2.3.3 WMA (Warm-Mix Asphalt) Pavements 18
2.3.4 Porous Asphalt Pavements (Permeable Pavements) 20
2.4 Definition of Mixtures 26
2.5 Thermal Properties of Pavement Materials 27
2.6 Heat balance at the pavement surface 30
2.6.1 Heat Conduction 31
2.6.2 Heat Convection 31
2.6.3 Heat Radiation 32
2.6.4 Solar radiation 33
2.6.5 Thermal radiation 33
2.7 Sensitivity analysis of asphalt temperature 34
2.7.1 Thermal Conductivity 35
2.7.2 Specific Heat. 35
2.7.3 Pavement Albedo. 35
2.7.4 Emissivity/absorptivity. 36
2.8 Permeability of Asphalt Pavements 37
2.8.1 Definition of Permeability 37
2.8.2 Falling-Head Test 38
2.8.3 Constant-Head Test 38
2.9 Moisture evaporation in porous asphalt pavements 42
2.10 Stress-Strain Dynamic in Asphalt Pavements 45
2.11 Porous Pavement temperature and Moisture Modeling Studies 50
2.12 Possible methods to slow down the heat island effect 51
Chapter 3 Materials and Methods 53
3.1 The Study Area 53
3.2 Vehicle Dynamic Stress-Strain Analysis 60
3.3 Solar Radiation Reflectivity Efficiency 62
3.4 Monitoring and Evaluation of Pavement Surface Temperature 64
3.5 Permeability and Moisture content 65
Chapter 4 Result and Discussion 66
4.1 Vehicle dynamic stress-strain monitoring test data 66
4.1.1 Comparison of the vehicle dynamic stress-strain tests data 72
4.1.2 Differences between vehicle dynamic stress-strain data of the sections 74
4.2 Solar Radiation Reflectivity Efficiency Data 74
4.3 Temperature variations in sections II to V of the study area 78
4.3.1 The surface temperature observation Results 79
4.3.2 Surface temperature variations by section 83
4.3.3. Comparison of surface temperatures of sections II and III 84
4.3.3 Comparison of surface temperatures of sections II and IV 86
4.3.4 Comparison of surface temperatures of sections II and V 88
4.4 Permeability and moisture content data 90
4.4.1 The permeable section most suitable for load bearing capacity. 92
4.4.2 Comparison of temperature and moisture content for Sections III, IV and V 92
4.5 Coefficient of determination 93
Chapter 5 Summary 97
Chapter 6 Conclusion 99
References 101
Bio-Sketch of Author 114

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