臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的為探討及比較各年齡層健康成年男性的嗓音聲學與氣動學數據，並建立數值以得知嗓音生理老化程度。
本研究招募符合資格的112位20至90歲健康男性，依年齡分為七組。評估方式包括聲學與氣動學測量。聲學測量為朗讀短文分析基頻與音強，持續說「阿」分析頻率變動率、振幅變動率與噪音諧波比率；氣動學分析肺活量、最長發聲時長、平均氣流流速、口腔內壓、最小發聲壓力閾值。統計方式將使用單因子變異數與簡單線性回歸分析，比較七組研究參與者的數據差異。
聲學測量結果顯示，成年男性的平均說話基頻、平均說話音強、說話音強標準差、最高說話音強、最低說話音強、說話音強範圍，不同年齡間呈現顯著差異。其中平均說話基頻、平均說話音強、最高說話音強、說話音強範圍隨年齡增加有上升趨勢。氣動學測量結果發現，成年男性的肺活量、最長發聲時長、口腔內壓、最小發聲壓力閾值呈現顯著差異，其中肺活量隨年齡增加有下降趨勢，最小發聲壓力閾值隨年齡增加有上升趨勢。
此研究發現不同年齡層的男性嗓音聲學與氣動學數值不同，推估與呼吸及喉部的神經、肌肉與組織學的生理老化及聽力退化有關。未來仍需後續研究加以探討及佐證。

Objective: To construct changes in acoustic parameters and voice aerodynamic parameters of healthy male adults based upon age effects.
Participation: Total number of 112 participants were assigned into seven groups as per their age (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-90).
Methods: Participants were required to read a paragraph and phonate vowel [a]. Speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) and speaking intensity were measured from the reading passage. Voice measures based on the productions of [a] included jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonics ratio. The aerodynamic parameters included vital capacity (VC), maximum phonation time (MPT), mean airflow rate (MAF), oral pressure and phonation threshold pressure (PTP). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and simple linear regression analysis were performed to investigate voice measures of different age group.
Results: Significant differences were found in SFF, mean speaking intensity, standard deviation of speaking intensity, highest speaking intensity, lowest speaking intensity, speaking intensity range among different age groups. Measure of SFF, speaking intensity, highest speaking intensity, speaking intensity range increased with age. For aerodynamic changes, VC, MPT, oral pressure and PTP showed significant differences among different age groups. VC decreased with age, and PTP increased with age
Conclusion: This study provides wide variety of voice measures in acoustics and aerodynamic changes among different age of healthy male adults. Statistical differences in voice measures among different age groups may suggest changes at laryngeal structure, respiratory systems, neuromuscular physiology, histology and degeneration of hearing with age. Further research is required in order to find the underlying causes.

目錄
中文摘要..............................................I
英文摘要..............................................II
目錄..................................................III
圖目錄................................................IV
表目錄................................................V
第一章 緒論............................................1
第二章 文獻探討........................................6
第一節 嗓音各年齡層生理表現及其影響.....................6
第二節 男性各年齡層嗓音聲學表現........................12
第三節 男性各年齡嗓音氣動學表現........................18
第三章 研究方法........................................22
第一節 研究架構......................................22
第二節 研究對象......................................24
第三節 研究工具......................................26
第四節 研究程序......................................29
第五節 統計分析......................................36
第四章 研究結果........................................38
第一節 研究對象基本資料 ..............................38
第二節 信度分析.......................................43
第三節 常態分佈.......................................45
第四節 聲學測量結果....................................51
第五節 氣動學測量結果..................................66
第六節 簡單現象回歸分析結果.............................72
第五章 研究討論.........................................82
第一節 各年齡層男性的聲學測量結果........................82
第二節 各年齡層男性的氣動學測量結果......................93
第三節 臨床意義........................................98
第四節 研究限制........................................99
第五節 未來研究建議....................................100
第六章 結論.............................................102
參考文獻................................................108
附錄...................................................115
附錄一 研究參與者知情同意書...............................115
附錄二 基本資料表 .......................................118
附錄三 國語短文.........................................119
附錄四 頻率轉換半音表....................................120
附錄五 國立台灣大學行為與科學倫理委員會審查核可證明.........121

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