臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要針對製作三相四線半橋高功率轉換器的周邊元件選用和分析設計，主體部分從選用開關模組、霍爾元件、電感以及電磁接觸器到設計直流鏈電容與濾波電容；另外在燒機測試時，如何選用風扇的風量大小、散熱片也是很重要的一部分。本研究轉換器功能包含市電併聯、整流兼具功因校正、直流鏈穩壓、交流側穩壓，並以高功率為基礎來執行各種功能。在市電併聯模式中，將直流鏈的能量轉換成交流電饋入市電電網；在整流模式中，將市電的交流電轉換成直流電供給直流鏈以及直流負載使用；在穩壓功能中，根據負載的需求，當直流鏈能量過多時，將多餘的能量饋入市電或直流負載，反之，當直流鏈能量不足時，欠缺的能量會透過市電供給，以維持住直流鏈的電壓。當市電異常時，轉換器扮演不斷電系統的角色來繼續供應能量給負載以維持正常的電壓，並且等待市電恢復正常時，系統會轉換回以原本的市電來供給負載。
本論文會先說明此架構之動作原理，接著推導在分切合整數位控制(D- 數位控制)下的控制法則，再來說明轉換器元件的選用與設計，包括開關模組、電感、風扇與散熱片規格、霍爾元件、直流鏈電容、濾波電容以及電磁接觸器。由於硬體設備難以尋找到高功率的電源供應器，所以將說明如何利用兩台轉換器以循環能量的方式達到高功率的目的，再來說明轉換器的Layout配線方式與損耗分析，最後說明燒機測試所遇到的問題與解決方法。
本研究的主要貢獻條列如下：第一點，所研製之轉換器具備一機多功能的特性，不僅節省成本、體積，更能依照不同的需求執行不同的模式；第二點，完成100 kW滿載燒機測試，驗證了本轉換器的可行性。

This thesis focuses on selection and analysis of the peripheral components of a 100 kW multi-function converter. They include power switch, current sensor, inductor, magnetic connector, dc-bus capacitor and filter capacitor. Besides, this work presents selection of fan for ventilation and determination of heat sink for a burn-in test. Operational modes of the converter include grid-connection mode, rectification mode, dc-bus voltage regulation mode and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) mode. In grid-connection mode, power is transferred from dc to ac grid. In rectification mode, power is transferred from ac to dc for balancing dc bus voltage and supplying dc load. In dc-bus voltage regulation mode, according to the demand of load, the inverter changes the power flow between dc bus and ac grid to balance the energy at dc bus. If the power demand from dc bus is less than the supply from renewable energy, it will inject power to the grid. On the contrary, the power flow is changed from ac grid to dc bus. When the grid is abnormal, the converter can operate in UPS mode for keeping voltage stable and waiting for the grid back to normal.
In the thesis, operational principle is described first and then the control laws based on the D- digital control are derived. Next, design and selection of components include power switch, inductor, fan, heat sink, current sensor, dc-bus capacitor, output filter capacitor and magnetic connector are presented. Since it is difficult to find a dc power supply with high power level, two converters are adopted to circulate power and their configuration is also presented. Finally, description of hardware implementation is focused on problems and solutions during burn-in test. The major contributions of this research can be summarized as follows: (1) the designed converter can achieve multi-functions which can not only reduce production cost and volume, but can execute different operation modes according to load demands, and (2) the hardware can pass burn-in test under full load of 100 kW, verifying its feasibility.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-2 文獻回顧 5
1-3 論文大綱 10
第二章 轉換器架構與動作原理 11
2-1 三相四線半橋式轉換器架構 11
2-2 動作原理與控制法則 12
2-2-1 分切合整數位控制 12
2-2-2 動作原理 14
2-2-3 控制器設計 19
第三章 轉換器設計 21
3-1 開關選用 21
3-2 風扇選用與散熱片熱阻計算 24
3-3 霍爾元件選用 34
3-4 電感設計 36
3-5 直流鏈電容設計 43
3-6 濾波電容設計 43
3-7 電磁接觸器選用 44
第四章 轉換器周邊電路 46
4-1 輔助電源 46
4-2 UC3843控制晶片 47
4-3 返馳式轉換器 48
4-4 開關隔離驅動電路 49
4-5 交流側電壓回授電路 53
4-6 直流鏈電壓回授電路 55
4-7 電感電流回授電路 56
4-8 精密全波整流電路 57
4-9 電壓保護電路 58
4-10 過壓/過流保護電路 59
4-11 負載保護電路 60
4-12 直流鏈預充電路 61
4-13 市電零交越偵測電路 61
第五章 系統硬體規劃 63
5-1 系統架構 63
5-1-1 循環模式動作步驟 64
5-1-2 市電併聯模式 65
5-1-3 整流模式 65
5-1-4 不斷電模式 66
5-2 Layout(佈線) 67
5-2-1 機箱正面周邊佈線(上) 67
5-2-2 機箱正面周邊佈線(下) 68
5-2-3 直流鏈周邊佈線 70
5-2-4 Master機箱背面周邊佈線 70
5-2-5 Slave機箱背面周邊佈線 71
5-2-6 電力級板、控制級板、輔助電源的周邊佈線 72
5-3 損耗分析 74
5-3-1 電感損耗 74
5-3-2 開關損耗 77
5-3-3 風扇損耗 79
5-3-4 總損耗與效率 80
第六章 實務考量 81
6-1 長時間運轉測試 81
6-1-1 開關模組上的緩衝電容溫度過高 81
6-1-2 70 kW下的溫升情形(燒機測試20分鐘) 84
6-1-3 100 kW下的溫升情形(燒機測試40分鐘) 86
6-2 實驗結果 90
6-2-1 問題與解決 90
6-2-2 實驗波形 93
第七章 結論與未來研究方向 97
7-1 結論 97
7-2 未來研究方向 98
參考文獻 99

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