臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，交通工具所衍生的廢輪胎對我們的環境造成衝擊，如何將廢輪胎回收並轉變成有用的材料是學術界及業界所關心的議題。廢輪胎目前以熱裂解法回收熱裂解碳及油為較環保的作法，由於回收碳的比表面積僅60 m2/g且具有相當高的灰分含量(約10 wt%以上)，其應用價值低落，而常見的作法是將回收碳經由氣體活化法或藥劑活化法來製備高比表面積的活性碳。本研究使用廢輪胎經由真空熱裂解回收的碳粉，利用CO2活化法製備活性碳，以達到回收再利用之目的。由於廢輪胎回收碳中所含的灰分會影響活性碳之性質，故本研究先將廢輪胎回收碳進行酸的前處裡以降低灰分含量，將其浸泡在80℃的1 M鹽酸進行迴流攪拌4小時，其有效降低灰分含量(14.04 wt%降至4.96 wt%)。接著放入水平式石英管狀高溫爐進行活化反應並探討反應參數條件，反應參數條件為溫度、 CO2流速及持溫時間。本研究結果顯示反應條件在溫度900℃、流速700 ml/min及持溫4小時下所製備的活性碳根據Brunauer-Emmett-Teller方法測定其比表面積可高達1060 m2/g，產率約為22.4%，且亞甲基藍吸附結果可達323 mg/g，其吸附動能遵循Pseudo second order model以及恆溫吸附模式遵循Langmuir isotherm model並探討亞甲基藍吸附機制。本研究方法有助於未來廢輪胎回收碳製備活性碳及廢水吸附應用。

Recently, waste tires derived from vehicles cause an impact on living environments. How to transform waste tires to useful materials is an important issue for academia and industry. A promising route is to recycle the waste tires through a pyrolysis method to obtain carbons, and oil. However, the as-obtained carbons show low specific surface area (< 60 m2/g) and higher ash content (normally, above 10wt%), these limit the applications for waste-tire carbons. The better way is to activate the as-obtained carbons by gas or chemical activation methods obtaining high specific surface area activated carbons. Here, we use as-obtained carbons derived by a vacuum pyrolysis method to prepare activated carbons by CO2 activation. Because ash content would lower activated carbons properties. Hence, The as-obtained carbons were treated by refluxing in 1 M HCl at 80℃for 4 h before CO2 activation. The result shows that ash content reduced from 14.04 to 4.96 wt%. The conditional parameters (flow rate, reaction time and temperature) of CO2 activation in a horizontal quartz furnace were investigated. We observe that the specific surface area of activated carbons could reach to 1060 m2/g according to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equations, and yield is approximately at 22.4 wt%. The adsorption of methylene blue for the waste tire activated carbons up to 323 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics follow pseudo second order model, and adsorption isotherm follow Langmuir isotherm model. A possible adsorption mechanism is proposed. Our study will provide useful information for preparing activated carbons from waste tires for waste water treatment.

摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 前言 1
一、廢輪胎介紹 1
二、活性碳及製備方法介紹 3
第二章 文獻回顧及探討 5
第一節 廢輪胎製備活性碳回顧 5
一、水氣活化法製備活性碳 5
二、CO2活化法製備活性碳 6
三、水氣活化法與CO2活化法比較 9
四、化學活化法 11
第二節 廢輪胎活性碳之應用 13
一、廢水處理 13
第三節 研究目的與動機 16
第三章 實驗方法 17
第一節 廢輪胎活性碳製備方法 17
一、實驗材料 17
二、反應系統 17
三、實驗步驟 18
四、儀器鑑定 19
第二節 亞甲基藍吸附實驗 20
一、實驗材料 20
二、實驗步驟 20
三、儀器鑑定 21
第四章 結果與討論 22
第一節 廢輪胎活性碳之孔洞性質 22
一、酸處理效果 22
二、時間效應 24
三、流速效應 27
四、溫度效應 29
五、結構形貌-TEM 32
六、表面分析-XPS 33
七、廢輪胎活性碳與其它文獻比較 35
第二節 亞甲基藍吸附探討 36
一、 吸附動能模式探討 36
二、吸附機制探討 38
三、恆溫吸附探討 41
四、孔洞對亞甲基藍吸附探討 44
第五章 結論 47
第六章 參考文獻 48

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