臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著地球氣候異常，都市熱島效應及因大雨排水不及造成淹水之問題，可應用透水混凝土於陸地舖面上，讓雨水有效的滲透至地面，改善路面排水、使基材保水、幫助城市溫度的調節。透水混凝土容易被水灰比及強塑劑用量影響，水灰比及強塑劑用量低造成工作性不佳，水灰比及強塑劑用量高卻會使透水混凝土造成垂流現象讓透水混凝土喪失透水性能。緣此，本研究的配比使用了過去研究發現的透水速率較好的0.25水灰比，抗壓強度高的90%漿體量及一分半的天然石，搭配市面上常用的羧酸、萘磺酸及木質酸，使用不同的劑量，研究出最佳的強塑劑用量。
由試驗結果顯示三種強塑劑中，羧酸高分子聚合物的漿體分散效果最佳，只需添加一定用量後就可以達到9cm的坍度，且不會有垂流現象。無論使用何種強塑劑之組別，其透水係數均隨著添加量的增加而有下降之趨勢。主要原因為當使用量增加時，其流動性變佳而使得會有部份的漿體堵塞住部份原本可連通之孔隙。改良式磺化木質素在四種添加量的連通孔隙率相差不大，連通孔隙率比羧酸高分子聚合物、磺酸化荼甲醛聚合物的最低添加量差不多，這表示改良式磺化木質素對水泥漿體的分散效果沒有羧酸高分子聚合物、磺酸化荼甲醛聚合物來得好。無論使用何種強塑劑之組別，其抗壓強度在添加量關係上，卻並非是隨著添加量增加而有增大之趨勢，不同的強塑劑，造成最佳強度的最佳用量都不同，唯有磺化木質素，其添加量的多寡對抗壓強度之影響不明顯。而於添加量均在相同的條件下，可得知以羧酸之使用可獲致較高之強度，其值為20.03MPa，其原因可能與其成份不同而造成此現象有關。

As the extreme weather happens frequently nowadays, heat island effect for urban region and flood control problem during heavy rainy period become important issues. The pervious concrete can be applied in pavement to allow water penetrate the pavement and help the flood control, water conservation, temperature regulation. The performance of pervious concrete will be affected by the water/cement ratio and the amount of superplasticizer. When the water/cement ratio and/or the amount of superplasticizer are low, it may result in low workability and possibly low compressive strength. On the other hand, when the water/cement ratio and/or the amount of superplasticizer are high it may result in sag problem which may reduce the permeability as well as strength. In this study, the experience of our previous effort is considered. The water/cement ratio was selected as 0.25, the aggregate size was 0.24-0.48 cm, and the filled percentage of voids by binder was 90%. Three superplasticizers including polycarboxylic acid sodium salt (PCA), sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate (SNF) and modified lignosulfonated (MLS) were used and different amounts were considered. The goal of this study is to find the optimal amount of superplasticizers.
The results revealed that among these three superplasticizers the performance of PCA was the best, the pervious concrete made with appropriate addition of PCA (by weight of cement) could reach 9-cm slump and no sag phenomenon happened. No matter which kind superplasticizer was used, the water permeability of pervious concrete decreased as the amount of superplasticizer increased, indicating that the fluidity of cement paste was enhanced as the amount of superplasticizer increased which resulted in sag problem and consequently reduced the water permeability. For four addition amounts of MLS, the connected porosity did not vary much and the value was similar to that made with lowest addition amount for PCA and SNF. This result showed that the dispersion effect of MLS is not apparent as that of PCA and SNF. For all superplasticizers, the compressive strength of pervious concrete did not increased as the addition amount of superplasticizer increased. Different superplasticizers have different optimal addition amount. The amount of MLS did not affect the compressive strength significantly. When the amount of superplasticizer was fixed at the same amount, pervious concrete made with PCA had highest compressive strength (20.03 MPa), the reason might come from the different mechanism and composition of superplasticizers.

中文摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
第一章　緒論 1
1-1　研究動機 1
1-2　研究目的及範圍 3
1-3　研究方法與流程 3
第二章　文獻回顧 5
2-1　前言 5
2-2　透水混凝土之定義 5
2-3　透水混凝土之組成 7
2-3-1　粗粒料 7
2-3-2　水泥 8
2-3-3 摻劑 13
2-4　透水混凝土之相關研發 13
2-5　透水混凝土的應用 16
2-5-1　透水鋪面常見形式[40] 16
2-5-2　國內透水鋪面案例[41] 21
2-5-3　國外透水鋪面案例[11] 32
第三章　試驗計畫 36
3-1　試驗變數 36
3-1-1　粒料種類及粒徑 36
3-1-2　水灰比 39
3-1-3　漿體填充粒料孔隙體積百分比 39
3-1-4　水泥 40
3-1-5　強塑劑 41
3-2　配比設計 43
3-2-1　試驗配比 43
3-2-2　配比設計 44
3-3　試驗方法 45
3-3-1　試體製作 45
3-3-2 坍度試驗 48
3-3-3　透水係數試驗 49
3-3-4　連通孔隙率試驗 51
3-3-5　抗壓強度試驗 51
第四章　結果與分析 53
4-1　坍度試驗 54
4-2　透水係數試驗 55
4-3　連通孔隙率試驗 58
4-4　抗壓強度試驗 60
4-5　強塑劑使用於低水灰比透水混凝土之劑量分析 69
第五章　結論與建議 78
5-1　結論 78
5-2　建議 78
參考文獻 80
謝誌 83

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