臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

小鱗脂眼鯡(Etrumeus micropus)為近沿海小型魚類，是沿岸海洋生態系統中食物鏈能量傳遞的重要物種之一。本研究主要目的為調查小鱗脂眼鯡之攝食習性，以及探究是否會隨著不同日期和體重別的變動而改變。生物採樣於 2015年5月至2015年12月期間進行，總計於澎湖四角嶼沿岸水域採集9次共138尾小鱗脂眼鯡樣本，樣本尾叉長與體重分別介於75.81mm至187.86mm及3.62g至75.93g之間。本研究針對每一種餌料生物進行估算出現頻率(%F)、數量百分比(%N)、及重量百分比(%W)等指標，並計算餌料生物之相對重要性指數(relative importance index, IRI)。其中78.3%的樣本含有胃內含物，攝食的餌料生物的% IRI主要為魚類(31.4%)、哲水蚤(26.2%)、糠蝦(18.9%)、毛顎類(13.8%)、蟹幼生(4.5%)、端足類(3.1%)、以及磷蝦(1.9%)，其中以魚類(其中鬚鯛科佔26.2%、鯡科18.6%和䲁科13.8%)為最高。由群聚分析結果顯示，在時間變動方面，8月10日前的樣本攝食具有高度攝食重疊，所攝食的主要餌料生物為哲水蚤和毛顎類； 9月7日之後的樣本攝食也有較高的攝食重疊，但所攝食的主要餌料生物則轉變為魚類和甲殼類(糠蝦、蟹幼生)。在體重別方面，3.6-11.3g與11.4-29.0g兩組間有高度攝食重疊，所攝食的主要餌料生物為哲水蚤、毛顎類和魚類；29.1-48.7g與48.8-76.0g兩組間也有較高的攝食重疊，所攝食的主要餌料生物則為甲殼類(糠蝦、蟹幼生)和魚類。以上結果顯示出小鱗脂眼鯡的食性有隨著體型增加而改變所攝食的餌料生物。再就胃內容物之生物多樣性指數變動觀之，當體型越大時，所攝食的餌料生物種類十分多樣，數量相對均勻。

The Etrumeus micropus is one of the important species of coastal fisheries in Penghu. The study was tried to investigate the feeding habits of the Etrumeus micropus. A total of 138 samples were collected in the coastal waters of Shuchiaoyu, Penghu during the period of May to December 2015 period. The fork length and body weight of sampler are varied between 75.8 mm to 187.9 mm and 3.62g to 75.93g, respectively. The prey indices including the percentage of number (% N), mass (% W) and frequency of occurrence (% F), and index of relative importance (IRI) were used to evaluate the feeding habitats. Except the empty stomachs (11.7%), the percentage index relative important (% IRI) indicated that the dominant baits include fish (31.4%), Calanoida (26.2%), Mysidae (18.9%), Chaetognatha (13.8%), Crab zoea (4.5%), Amphipoda (3.1%), and Euphausiacea (1.9%). In addition, based on the cluster analysis, the diet overlap catalogs of dominant baits were belonged to the Calanoida and Chaetognatha before August 10. After September 7.the catalogs of feeding baits were changed to the catalogs of fish and small crustaceans (Mysidae, Crab zoea). And the dominant baits of body weight group of 3.6-29 g/individual for the Calanoida, Chaetognatha and fish were different to that of the group of 29.1 to 76 g/individual for small crustaceans (Mysidae, Crab zoea) and fish. It hints that the feeding habits of the Etrumeus micropus have changed with the increase in size and body weight. Regarding the biological diversity, the feeding of food species not only diversity, but also the numbers are more uniform, when the body size is enough larger.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目次 III
表次 IV
圖次 V
第一章、前言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 2
第二章、研究材料與方法 4
2.1 採樣時間、地點、及採樣方法 4
2.2 樣本處理與分類 4
2.3 資料分析 4
2.3.1 胃飽滿度程度判定 4
2.3.2 定性分析 4
2.3.3 定量分析： 6
2.3.4 多樣性指數 6
2.3.5 多變量分析 7
第三章、結果 9
3.1 體長與體重之關係 9
3.2 胃飽滿度分析 9
3.3 餌料生物組成 9
3.3.1 餌料生物組成月別變化情形 10
3.3.2 攝食重疊度 13
3.3.3 餌料多樣性指數 13
3.3.4 餌料生物組成相似性 13
3.4 不同體重區間之食性差異 13
3.4.1 胃內容物組成 14
3.4.2 攝食重疊度 15
3.4.3 餌料多樣性指數 15
3.4.4 餌料生物組成相似性 15
第四章、討論與結論 16
4.1 攝食組成與水文環境之關係 16
4.2 攝食組成與研究區域之差異 16
4.3 攝食組成與體型變化之關係 16
4.4 胃飽滿程度差異 17
參考文獻 19

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