臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

軟弱黏土的低強度與高壓縮性造成應用上很大的困難，工程上通常透過水泥遇水而進行的水化作用，以及其與黏土之間發生的卜特蘭作用之固化產物，填充土壤間的孔隙，取代孔隙間原本存在的水或是空氣，抑或提供膠結性，黏結土壤顆粒，增加整體土體的強度、勁度與耐久性，減少可壓縮性與滲透性，其中強度的增加為本研究主要探討的現象。由於環保意識的提升以及經濟成本的掌控，近年來開始使用工業廢棄物(例如：爐石、飛灰等)取代部分水泥用量，可得到相似的結果，且進一步降低結構體的重量，達到輕量化的效果，此些取代物同時也能降低水化熱，減少溫度裂縫生成的機會。
本研究主要透過一系列的無圍壓縮試驗，探討高嶺土在不同爐石水泥含量，以及不同含水量的情況下，對強度的影響程度。選取5種不同的水泥含量，C/S ratio = 15%、20%、25%、50%、75%，分別搭配3種含水量，ωi = 1.8LL、2.0LL、2.2LL，以及5種養護天數，curing time = 3、7、14、28、56天，進行配比調配。C/S ratio為乾水泥與乾黏土的重量比，當C/S ratio越大，即表示在相同黏土重量下之水泥含量越多；含水量部分則以高嶺土的液限做為參考指標，以其液限的1.8倍、2倍與2.2倍的高含水量情況，模擬軟弱黏土的狀況。而文獻中極少提到試體品質的控制，本研究針對試體品質也做了討論，並以單位重做為試體品質衡量的準則，認為當單位重誤差越大，單位重越小，代表試體內部大部分氣泡尚未排除，可能有低估材料強度的疑慮，實驗數據不夠可信。
實驗結果顯示，材料強度會隨著養護天數增加而隨之成長，而高爐石水泥含量的試體，其強度成長趨勢又比其他配比更明顯。不僅是材料強度會增加，其勁度也會隨著爐石水泥含量增加而更大。因此，爐石水泥可謂是一種有效的、具有經濟性的，且對環境保護有貢獻的一種良好的地盤改良材料。

Due to low strength and high compressibility, soft clay should be improved to increase its strength, stiffness and durability, and decrease the permeability and the ground settlement for a better construction condition. Nowadays the sustainability is much more important, so recycled materials such as fly ash and slag have been widely used in soft ground improvement. Through replacing part of the cement, the slag-cement material could provide a lighter weight and lower hydration heat. In this research, the soft clay defined as kaolinite with high water content was mixed with slag-cement.
In this thesis, a series of unconfined compression tests were carried out on the slag-cement stabilized clay. The specimens were prepared under three different initial water contents, ωi = 1.8LL, 2.0LL, 2.2LL, and five different cement content, C/S = 15%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 75%. All specimens were stored in a saturated environment to be cured for 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days before testing.
The variation of the unit weight could be controlled within 1.5%, and the variation of the duplicated tests was also compared in this research. Therefore, the quality control of the specimens could be understood clearly.
The results showed that the unconfined compressive strength increases when the curing time increases. It also indicated that the higher the slag-cement content, the greater strength and stiffness of the improved clay. Based on the test results, slag-cement is an effective, economic and environment friendly additive for soft ground improvement.

口試委員審定書 I
致謝 II
摘要 III
Abstract IV
List of Tables IX
List of Figures XI
Symbol Table XVII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation and Methodology 2
1.2 Thesis Outline 3
Chapter 2 Literature Review 4
2.1 Chemical Reactions of Slag-Cement 4
2.2 Strength Properties of Cement Stabilized Clay 6
2.2.1 Effect of Soil Type 7
2.2.2 Effect of Cement Content 8
2.2.3 Evolution of Water Content 8
2.2.4 Effect of clay-water/cement ratio 11
2.2.5 Type of Improver 19
2.3 Failure Mechanism and Permissible Tolerance of Test Age 20
2.4 Durability of Cement Treated Clay 22
Chapter 3 Experimental Program 23
3.1 Materials 23
3.1.1 Kaolinite 23
3.1.2 Slag cement 25
3.2 Specimen preparation 27
3.2.1 Calculation of Mix Ratio 28
3.2.2 Procedure of Preparing Specimens 30
3.2.3 Curing Environment 37
3.3 Test Method 38
3.3.1 Unconfined Compression Test 39
3.3.2 Water Content Test 42
3.3.3 Time of Setting Test 43
Chapter 4 Results and Discussions 46
4.1 Unconfined Compressive Strength 46
4.1.1 Quality Control of Specimens 52
4.1.2 Effect of Curing Time 57
4.1.3 Water Content Evolution 61
4.1.4 Effect of Slag-Cement Content 64
4.1.5 Effect of Mix Ratios at a Constant Unit Weight 65
4.1.6 Effect of clay-water/cement ratio 67
4.1.7 Evolution of Esec50 72
4.2 Initial Time of Setting 80
4.3 Failure fracture pattern 83
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 92
5.1 Conclusions 92
5.2 Recommendations for Future Work 95
References 97
Appendix 107

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