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研究生:魏斯丹
研究生(外文):Daniel Vest
論文名稱:策略性的謙卑:非營利機構在競爭環境下最佳化籌款策略
論文名稱(外文):Strategic Humility: Welfare Optimization for Nonprofits in Combative Fundraising Environments
指導教授:林修葳林修葳引用關係
指導教授(外文):Hsiou-wei Lin
口試委員:陳峙維黃俊堯
口試委員(外文):Szu-Wei ChenChunyao Huang
口試日期:2016-06-15
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:企業管理碩士專班
學門:商業及管理學門
學類:企業管理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2016
畢業學年度:104
語文別:英文
論文頁數:46
中文關鍵詞:非營利機構的競爭最佳化籌款策略
外文關鍵詞:nonprofit competitionfundraisingwelfare optimization
相關次數:
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This paper explores how a nonprofit organization (NPO) can maximize the contribution its fundraising makes to social welfare. Charity watchdog groups often recommend that a nonprofit’s fundraising expenditures should not exceed a certain fixed percentage of its budget. This is likely to deviate from economic rationality. Throughout the literature on the subject, they can be seen bemoaning the influence of recommendations based on such a fundamental misunderstanding of microeconomics. Clearly, they say, net donations are maximized when the ratio of marginal contributions to marginal fundraising expenses is one. They are, of course, correct; but if fundraising by one nonprofit reduces contributions for another, then such fundraising may be reducing the total output of the two organizations combined even if it is maximizing net contributions for the first. In this paper, I propose a marginal analysis by which nonprofits set a welfare-maximizing level of fundraising, which will often result in a ratio of marginal contributions to marginal fundraising expenses of significantly greater than one. By employing strategic humility and setting their fundraising levels below the amount that would maximize net donations, nonprofits may be able to effect more positive change by doing less.

Introduction……………………………………………………………...1
1. Literature Review…………………………………………………....2
1.1 The Economic Role of Nonprofits………………………………3
1.2 Psychology and The Economics of Nonprofits…………………5
1.2.1 The Free Rider Problem………………….......................5
1.2.2 Crowding Out…………………………….......................6
1.3 The Economic Forces Affecting Fundraising………………..…10
1.4 Objective Functions and Optimization…………........................11
1.5 Competition Among NPOs……………………………………..15
1.6 The Ethics of Competition in Fundraising..……………………18
2. Strategic Humility and the Welfare Maximizing NPO…………….19
3. Now What?.......................................................................................28
4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………32
5. Proposals for Further Research……………………………………33
5.1 Measuring the Donor Capture Effect………………………….33
5.2 Measuring Tax Deductions……………………………………33
5.3 How NPO Managers Actually Think………………………….34
5.4 A Problem of Moral Agency…………………………………..35
5.5 Minimizing the Effect on the Competition…….………………35
5.6 Malevolent Associations……………………………………….35
Appendix………………………………………………………………37
Works Cited……………………………………………………………39

List of Figures:
Figure 1: Marginality: Service Maximizers and Budget Maximizers…13
Figure 2a: dC/dF as a Function of UA…………………………………24
Figure 2b: dC/dF as a Function of UA (expanded)…………………….25
Figure 3: Strategies for maximizing contribution to social welfare…...30




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