本研究以生理訊號測量及質性訪談來探討音樂對於老年人的情緒效應，音樂刺激材料為鄧麗君演唱的四首著名歌曲：〈但願人長久〉、〈月亮代表我的心〉、〈甜蜜蜜〉、〈我只在乎你〉，期望藉由鄧麗君的溫暖嗓音，帶給老年人正面的心理效果。結果發現，音樂對於健康老年人的血壓、指溫、高頻心跳速率變異未造成顯著影響，但聆聽音樂之後，健康老年人的心跳顯著變慢，另一方面，音樂對於失能老年人的所有生理指標皆未造成顯著影響。訪談結果發現，音樂使多數健康老年人感到愉快與放鬆，造成情緒調節的機制可能包括：人際情感連結、注意力轉移、懷舊、社會比較。本研究的發現，使人更加瞭解音樂活動對於老年人生活品質的效益。

This study examined the emotional effects of music on the elderly using physiological measures and qualitative research methods. The stimuli were four famous songs The Moon Represents my Heart, Sweet Honey, May we all be Blessed with Longevity, I Only Care About You sung by Teresa Teng. We expected that Teng’s warm voice would have positive psychological effects on the elderly. The results show that music had no significant effect on the blood pressure, finger temperature, and high-frequency heart rate variability in the healthy participants. After exposure to music, however, the healthy participants’ heart rate significantly decreased. For the disabled participants, all these physiological measures were not affected by music. In-depth interviews reveal that exposure to music led to pleasant and relaxed emotions in the majority of healthy participants. The mechanisms of emotion regulation may be related to interpersonal connection, distraction, reminiscence, and social comparison. Our findings contribute to advancing knowledge about the beneficial effects of music activity on the quality of life for older adults.

目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與假說 3
第二章 文獻回顧 5
第一節 健康老年人與失能老年人之定義 5
第二節 情緒調節與音樂 6
第三節 聆聽者的生理訊號 14
第三章 研究方法 19
第一節 研究問題 19
第二節 研究對象 20
第三節 刺激材料 21
第四節 研究步驟 34
第五節 資料分析 38
一、生理訊號數據處理與統計分析 38
二、訪談資料分析 39
第四章 研究結果 41
第一節 量化研究統計結果 41
第二節 質性訪談分析 46
一、正向情緒 47
二、懷舊 48
三、注意力轉移 49
四、社會比較 49
五、增進人際情感聯結 50
第三節 個案說明 51
第五章 討論 55
第一節 心跳速率與血壓 55
第二節 手指溫度 56
第三節 心率變異與多層次迷走神經 57
第四節 情緒調節 61
第五節 懷舊 62
第六節 研究限制 64
第六章 結論 66
第一節 主要發現及其意義 66
第二節 未來方向 66
附錄 68
附錄一 老人憂鬱短版量表 68
附錄二 巴氏量表 69
附錄三 鄧麗君音樂熟悉度之問卷調查 71
附錄四 半結構式質性訪談問題 72
參考文獻 73

 
表 次

表 三 1: 〈但願人長久〉 23
表 三 2: 〈月亮代表我的心〉 25
表 三 3: 〈甜蜜蜜〉 27
表 三 4: 〈我只在乎你〉 31
表 四 1：健康老年人與失能老年人生理指標之比較 42
表 四 2: 健康老年人組生理指標在聆聽音樂前後之比較 44
表 四 3：健康老年人組聆聽每首樂曲之指溫於歌曲開始及結束時比較 45
表 四 4：失能老年人組生理指標在聆聽音樂前後之比較 45
表 四 5: 失能老年人組聆聽每首樂曲之指溫於歌曲開始及結束時比較 46


圖 次

圖 二 1：情緒環狀模型及音樂特徵。 8
圖 三 1：模型中呈現情緒和社會關係之間的聯結性 20
圖 三 2：研究流程圖 37
圖 四 1：失能老年人的高頻心率變異（自然對數） 43
圖 四 2：健康老年人的高頻心率變異（自然對數） 44
圖 四 3：健康老年人p01、p02、p08聆聽音樂前後的指溫數值 52
圖 四 4：失能老年人d07、d08聆聽音樂前後高頻心率變異的比較 54
圖 五 1：健康老年人聆聽鄧麗君歌曲的心理模型 58
圖 五 2：失能老年人聆聽鄧麗君歌曲的心理模型 59

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黃玉珠（2005）〈鑼聲若響-談音樂與照護的共鳴〉，《護理雜誌》，52卷第4期，頁16-22。
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網路資源：
衛生福利部護理及健康照護司〈我國長期照顧十年計畫-101年至104年中程計畫〉，頁28。取自http://www.mohw.gov.tw/cht/DONAHC/DM1_P.aspx?f_list_no=581&fod_list_no=1402&doc_no=3411
音樂CD：
鄧麗君（2013）《鄧麗君 聲現永恆》。臺中：弘揚視聽有限公司。ISBN：4711871894419。